Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia caused by multiple causes, which is caused by insulin secretion and/or utilisation defects. It is characterised by increased fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. It is reported that the harm of diabetes mainly comes from its complications, and the cardiovascular disease caused by diabetes is the primary cause of its harm. China has the largest number of diabetic patients in the world, and the prevention and control of diabetes are facing great challenges. In recent years, many kinds of literature have been published abroad, which have proved that coumarin and its derivatives are effective in the treatment of diabetic complications such as nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. In this paper, the types of antidiabetic drugs and the anti-diabetic mechanism of coumarins were reviewed.

Benzylaminocoumarin is a kind of compound with coumarin skeleton and benzylamino side chain structure at positions 3 and 4. Our group has previously explored the AD activity of 3- (4-aminophenyl)...

Aging is the subject of many studies, facilitating the discovery of many interventions. Epigenetic influences numerous life processes by regulating gene expression and also plays a crucial role in aging regulation. Increasing data suggests that dietary changes can alter epigenetic marks associated with aging. Caloric restriction (CR)is considered an intervention to regulate aging and prolong life span. At present, CR has made some progress by regulating signaling pathways associated with aging as well as the mechanism of action of intercellular signaling molecules against aging. In this review, we will focus on autophagy and epigenetic modifications to elaborate the molecular mechanisms by which CR delays aging by triggering autophagy, epigenetic modifications, and the interaction between the two in caloric restriction. In order to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of aging and delaying aging.

Flavonoids are ubiquitous compounds in nature and are found in many Chinese herbal medicines. Due to their biological activity, flavonoids show potential for decreasing insulin resistance (IR), thereby delaying the progression of diabetes and accompanying metabolic syndromes. This review focuses on the mechanisms of flavonoids decreasing IR: (1) the interaction between flavonoids and target proteins of the insulin signalling pathway; (2) bioactivities of flavonoids, such as anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and antioxidant. Meanwhile, we summarise the structural characteristics, structure activity relationships and biological activity of flavonoids, providing evidence for their potential in the treatment of IR. Here, we also analyse the potential and limitations of their therapeutic use.

The uniform, rapid, and steady multi-jetting of nanofibers is the key to applying electrospinning technology in mass production. This paper aims to study an air-assisted multi-jet electrospinning method with a curvedly arranged multi-spinneret that can steadily and continuously produce nanofibers. An electrospinning device with a multi-spinneret which utilizes air flow to stretch and constrain jets is developed. The spinnerets are curvedly arranged in a 5 × 5 array, which can reduce the electric field interference between them. The air flow is guided through the gas hood and evenly distributed around each spinneret to form sheath layers, which mitigates the electric field interference between the spinnerets by reducing surface charge density of the jets and which stretches and constrains the jet, improving jetting stability and continuity. The influences of the electric field strength and the collection distance on jet ejection and deposition behavior are studied, and the influence of auxiliary air pressure on jet ejection initiation is also analyzed. The results show that the critical voltage of jet ejection of the central spinnerets is reduced from 8.2 kV to 3.4 kV when the auxiliary air pressure is increased from 0 kPa to 50 kPa, that of the inner spinnerets is reduced from 9.1 kV to 4.0 kV, and that of the outer spinnerets is reduced from 13.1 kV to 5.2 kV. The critical voltage of the outer spinnerets is higher than that of the inner spinnerets, and the critical voltage of the spinnerets in the center is the lowest. The design and development of the multi-spinneret curvedly arranged in a 5 × 5 array and the introduction of sheath air flow provide an effective means for uniform, rapid, and steady multi-jetting of nanofibers, which is beneficial in promoting the use of electrospinning technology in mass production applications.