The paper considers circuit engineering methods for protecting the electronic component base from the effects of heavy charged particles. One of the main methods is to increase the capacity of the device, which leads to an increase in the capacity of diffusion regions and a decrease in the frequency of single events. The structure of a capacitor is shown, which is connected to various nodes of the circuit to increase the sensitivity of the capacitance of the node. The article focuses on the method of using active RC circuits in the feedback circuit of a storage device cell. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods of using a storage device cell with internal redundancy are noted. The paper shows that the use of circuit engineering methods will provide the required level of fault and fault tolerance to the effects of heavy charged particles.

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The article is devoted to the vast territories of Russia covered with forests, which play an important role not only as a raw material, but also as a natural system. The development of the forest industry has resulted in forest exploitation industries. They promote the development of the Russian economy and, at the same time, lead to the depletion of forest resources. The authors give the examples of projects aimed at restoring forests in Russia.

The article is devoted to the issues of managing the competitiveness of business at the present time. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of competitiveness factors on various enterprises and companies. There are external and internal factors influencing the competitiveness. External includes competitors, suppliers, customers, etc. The most effective tools for responding to external factors are the strategy of mergers / acquisitions and inter-firm collaboration. These tools are widely used in business and can provide benefits. However, the main role of ensuring competitiveness is played by the internal environment of the company. Only strategic leadership can ensure the uniqueness of the internal environment.

The article is devoted to Scotland, describes its geographical location, and also gives the most general information on the modern large cities and other settlements of Scotland as well as their most famous attractions. A brief overview of the history of Scotland, presented after a modern description of the country, gives the best idea on the creating the Scots as a nation and their national character and their national language. Some characteristic features of education, music and musical instruments, and clothing are also described in the article. The linguistic aspect explores toponyms, i.e. the major cities in Scotland, its capital Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Perth, a small but famous historical city, on the information from the dictionaries of the English language of the 18th century. The analysis of the linguistic material indicates a close connection between the language, history and culture of the nation.