The purpose of the study is to analyze the development and branching of the directions for codification and institutionalization of international air law in the context of discussions involving fragmentation of international law. The main task of the work was to determine, on the example of international air law, the nature of the formation and codification of unified international standards in this area and their subsequent distribution of the areas of regulation and levels of specification by specialized subjects of delegated rule-making. There have been used methods of comparativistics and hermeneutics on which, first of all, the comparison and interpretation of the texts of the Paris and Chicago Conventions and their annexes have been made. It is shown that international public law has a tendency of movement from national acts through the level of bilateral agreements to the formation of agreements and regulations of the regional and global levels. This tendency is also quite clearly expressed in the history of the development of international air law. It is also determined, as a fundamental historical trend, the preservation of the dynamic inverse association between the indicated levels in the complication and branching of the directions of codification and institutionalization of international air law. This indicates the need to take into account a non-linear nature of developmental processes of any legal field, including in its characteristics complications, with the support of constant feedback between different levels of legal personality; connection of the subject area of regulation with the specific volume of competence of institutions responsible for one or another level of delegated rule-making, etc. Considering these and other aspects is important to harmonize the problems of fragmentation and to ensure the effectiveness of international law in general and international air law in particular. The connection of the fragmentation of international law is largely due to the uncertainty of the status of individual levels of delegated legal personality and inconsistency of their correlation at the level of international agreements. The problems of fragmentation, which are certainly inadmissible from the point of view of positivist legal thinking, are a source of uncertainty in many important issues that require clear coherence, regardless of conceptual approaches. From the standpoint of postpositivist concepts, it should be sought not so much in substantive codified rules, but in the effectiveness of procedural norms and the activities of the institutions responsible for reconciling the conflict of interests. However, substantive rules must be also involved in new pluralistic approaches to the law, which is not identified with the will of the state.

Today, many factors contribute to the formation of educational policy in Ukraine as regards to the culture of entrepreneurial activity, in particular: globalization, Europeanization, and glocalization. Regarding the culture of entrepreneurial activity, critical stratification in the construction and understanding of business is the characteristic feature of contemporary understanding and is connected with the ‘Europeanization’ of entrepreneurial culture, etc. This article investigates general factors that influence educational policy in Ukraine, the formation of educational policy on entrepreneurship and the culture of the business. The foundation of studies in this article was the methodology of factor analysis. Diagnostic and forecasting methods made it possible to determine the prerequisites and trends for the formation of educational policy on the culture of entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The method of sociological observation helped to study employers’ representations about the status of higher education in the field of entrepreneurship culture. The methods of analysis and diagnosis were used to identify signs of modification of the Ukrainian educational policy on the culture of entrepreneurship in the context of globalization, Europeanization, and glocalization. As a result, it was possible to identify the general factors that influence the formation of educational policy in general and special ones that relate exclusively to entrepreneurial activity and the culture of an entrepreneur. The researchers claim that the pursuit to new progressive, and consistency and imitation are new trends, which must be balanced in the ethical code of the entrepreneur. It is claimed that ethical codes of entrepreneurs and ‘good practice’ are important components of Ukrainian business. At the same time, these instruments are at the formative stage; therefore, their development depends in many respects on educational policy, on the education of entrepreneurs in the spirit of good faith, the honest running of the business, and a responsible attitude to their activities.

The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, on the one hand, opens up good prospects for increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural producers, on the other hand, it causes a lot of difficulties related to the general state of the Ukrainian society. The purpose of this work is to identification prospects and challenges (risks) for the Ukrainian agricultural market in the course in provisions implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU. Research methods: the historical-sociological, system-structural analysis, comparative-legal, formallogical and hermeneutical researching helped to study of international universal and regional treaties in order to understand the contents of international standards related to international trade and the processes of its liberalization and the specifics of their applying in the agricultural sector during the acting of the General Trade Tariffs-47 and under the auspices of the World Trade Organization. Results of the researchrevealed the fluctuations of eurointegration sentiments in Ukraine. It has been proved that the prospects of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU and ways of their implementation in Ukrainian agricultural market should be understood in the context of historical circumstances.The key to success of reforms in Ukraine is to exclude caste privileges and build a civil society, taking into account the experience of the Western legal tradition.

The article is devoted to the systematize the characteristics of objects of the common heritage of mankind, to study the historical origins and connections of the concept of the common heritage of mankind with other legal categories and worldview systems, to determine the prospects of application of the concept in its legal and worldview aspects. The work is based on a set of approaches united in sociological legal consciousness, primarily historical, communicative and psychological ones, and on the methodological basis of I. Kant’s philosophy. The concept of the common heritage of mankind in the context of trans-historical development of social consciousness as an important system-making factor of societies of macro-level scales for the first time is investigated in the research. Mankind should return to its social consciousness an intersubjective relation to its planetary natural environment, that is, its inclusion in its multilevel diversity and recognition of its “subjectivity”, if not in a legal sense, then in the awareness of its complexity, self-regulatory properties, the need for its constant cognition in feedback mode – this idea should be the main new concept of protection of the common heritage of mankind.

Мета: Ефективність захисту прав людини в Раді Європи багато в чому залежить від діяльності саме Європейського суду, який демонструє високі стандарти здійснення правосуддя, зокрема, і у питаннях захисту прав людини у сфері авіаційної діяльності. В статті пропонується критичний аналіз українського національного законодавства з точки зору його внутрішньо-правової узгодженості та відповідності міжнародно-правовим актам. Методи: У работі використані методи юридичного аналізу судових рішень, порівняльно-правового аналізу; методи прогнозування й діалектичний метод – при дослідженні проблем подальшого вдосконалення українського законодавства. У дослідженні також використані теорія правової компаративістики, підходи застосування аналогій закону і права в ході прийняття рішень з аналогічних судових справ. Результати: Наведено загальний аналіз судової практики Європейського суду з прав людини щодо розгляду справ про захист прав людини у сфері авіаційної діяльності. Виділено дві групи справ, відповідачем в яких виступає Україна, а саме: а) справи міжнародного значення (зокрема, щодо авіакатастрофи літака Boeing 777-200ER компанії Malaysia Airlines); б) справи національного характеру (громадяни України проти держави Україна). Авторська позиція щодо вирішення судових справ у сфері авіаційної діяльності ґрунтується на принципах дотримання Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод 1950 року. Обговорення: Робиться висновок про необхідність внесення змін до деяких національних законів з урахуванням правових позицій Європейського суду (зокрема, щодо забезпечення права працівників авіакомпаній на страйк), а також вказується, що питання діяльності держав та авіакомпаній щодо дотримання прав людини і громадянина у сфері авіаційної діяльності підпадають під юрисдикцію Європейського суду з прав людини та займають важливе місце в його практиці.