Background: Helicobacter species pylori represent one of the medically prominent and most common infections in the world. Contamination with this microbe has set as a causal factor in the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric neoplasia. Consequently, prompt diagnosis is essential. Objectives: This study was conveyed to detect H.pylori in gastric biopsies specimens by using routine Hematoxylin, Modified Giemsa dye as well as immunohistochemical stain, besides to assess the specificity and sensitivity of Helicobacter microbe detection in each method. Patients and methods: The research was both prospective and retrospective, carried out on 100 cases of endoscopically obtained gastric biopsies. Data obtained from archives of the pathology department, at AL-Jamhuri Teaching Hospital, Mosul city, and collected in a period spanning from April 2013 to March 2014. The information included; Age, sex, gastric biopsy location, inflammation status, the presence of dysplasia or carcinoma. Helicobacter pylori infection was assessed histochemically and immunohistochemically. Results: In a total of 100 gastric samples, patients' age range was 11 to 82 years (mean age of 46.5 years), with a male to female ratio of 1.38:1. Helicobacter pylori bacilli were positive with H&E/MGS in 71 (71%) of cases, increased to 75 (75%) case with IHC. Chronic gastritis noticed in 85 biopsy specimens, 74% were positive for H.pylori. There was a statistically significant difference between IHC and H&E/MGS (p=0.04) for detection of H.pylori. The sensibility and specificity of the H&E/MGS were measured compared with the recommended standard sensitive and specific IHC test; they were 95% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: The routine ancillary stains request for the detection of H.pylori remains a laboratory and an institution right. This study revealed that, in our laboratory, the regular application of ancillary dyes is not obliged for the description of H.pylori because it was readily recognizable in the bulk of sections with haematoxylin staining. However, we recommend the use of IHC in specific circumstances.

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Objectives:The aims of the present study are; first, to find out the relative frequency of p53 overexpression in different types of breast cancer. Second, to correlate the p53 over-expression with different parameters, including the age and menopausal status of the patient, size, grade, stage, type of the tumor, and the status of axillary lymph nodes. Third, to compare our results with others Methods: The study was both pro and retrospective and included 60 cases of breast carcinoma. Data were obtained from archives of the pathology department, at Al-jumhuri Teaching Hospital and collected in a period spanning from August 2008 to January 2009. P53 over-expression was assessed immunohistochemically . Results: The patients ages ranged from 25 to 78 years (mean: 51.5 year); most of them were in the fourth decade (41.2%). There was a significant inverse relation between p53 over-expression and the age of the patients (p<0.001), in which the largest percentage of p53 positivity seen in the third decade. P53 over-expression was detected in 38.3% of the cases. P53 over-expression was found in (100%) of medullary carcinoma, 19/47 (40.4%) of invasive ductal carcinoma (NOS), 1/3 (33.3%) of ductal carcinoma in situ, and 1/6 (1.7%) of invasive lobular carcinoma. P53 over-expression was not detected in mucinous and papillary carcinomas.There was a significant direct correlation between p53 over-expression and tumor size (p=0.0274), grade (p=0.032), and stage (p<0.001).There were no statistically significant relations between p53 over-expression and the menopausal status (p=0.262) or axillary lymph node metastasis (p=0.471). Conclusions: Immunopositivity for p53 tumor suppressor protein was detected in 38.3% of the cases in this study. P53 over-expression was significantly correlated with patient's age, tumor grade, stage, and size, but no correlation was found with menopausal status and axillary lymph node metastasis.

Abstract     Objectives: Programmed Cell Death Ligand1 (PD-L1) tissue expression in CRC (colorectal cancer) displays conflicting results among various studies. We aimed to identify the rate of PD-L1 positivity in colorectal carcinoma, and it's immune infiltrating cells, their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters of patients, and to correlate the results with other studies.    Methods: PD-L1 antibody retrospectively analyzed immunohistochemically in tissue microarray blocks of 99 specimens with colonic and rectal carcinomas operated between January 2015 to December 2017. A comparison performed between PD-L1 expression  in tumor cells (TCs) as well as tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) for age, sex, histological differentiation, the primary tumor location, number of involved lymph nodes, angiolymphatic invasion, and TNM stage.   Results: Of the 99 patients, the median age was 54.5 (range: 18 to 83) years. Fourteen samples were PD-L1 positive in TCs, increased to 32%  in TIICs. A significant expression of PD-L1in TCs was correlated with medullary histology (p= 0.03), number of the involved lymph nodes (p= 0.02), distant metastasis (p= 0.001), and TNM stage (p= 0.0001). The PD-L1 status in TIICs was again connected with adverse clinical and pathological parameters.    Conclusions: The expression of PD-L1 in TCs and TIICs is associated significantly with advanced cancer or lymphatic invasion in patients who underwent surgery after a diagnosis of CRC. The research designates the significance of estimation of TCs and TIICs in correlation to clinicopathologic characteristics of patients a finding that could produce a piece of evidence for precise electing immunotherapy.       Keywords: Programmed cell death ligand1, colorectal carcinoma, Tissue microarray study, Immunohistochemistry.    

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of haematoxylin-eosin staining in clinically suspected Hirschsprung disease, and to compare the findings with calretinin and S100 immunohistochemistry. Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the AL-Khansaa Teaching Hospital, Nineveh, Iraq, and comprised data from January 2017 to October 2020 of rectal suction biopsies of patients with clinically and radiologically suspected Hirschsprung disease. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed. Data was analysed using SPSS 16. ---Continue