Обзор стандартов и концепция построения средств мониторинга, контроля и диагностики космического аппарата Аннотация. Рассмотрена концепция построения системы мониторинга состояния и поведения подсистем космических аппаратов по телеметрическим данным. Концепция основывается на анализе стандартов, современных подходов космической отрасли и создании интеллектуальных инструментальных средств, опирающихся на применении искусственных нейронных сетей.

ȺɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɊɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦ-ɤɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɚɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɋȺɉɊ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢ-ɤɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɋȺɉɊ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ, ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢ-ɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. ɉɪɢɜɟ-ɞɟɧɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɚɡ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɯɪɚɧɹ-ɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞ-ɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɜ ɛɚɡɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ-ɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɚ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.ɐɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ: Ⱥɝɪɨɧɢɤ, Ⱥ.ɘ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ-ɫɨɜ / Ⱥ.ɘ. Ⱥɝɪɨɧɢɤ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍɚɥɚɥɚɟɜ, ȼ.ɉ. Ɏɪɚɥɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.Ɇ. ɏɚɱɭɦɨɜ, Ɉ.Ƚ. ɒɢɲɤɢɧ // Ɉɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. - . -Ɍ. 6, ʋ3(21). -ɋ. 255-269. -DOI: 10.18287/2223- -9537-2016 ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ-ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (Ɍɉ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɞɨ-ɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɢ-ɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜ-ɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɉ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɢɧ-ɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɦɨ-ɞɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ (Ɍɐ) ɢ Ɍɉ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɚɡ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɟɥɚ, ɞɚɧɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ

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Introduction. Today, the construction enterprises face the problem of improving quality of a completed object of construction while reducing the cost of its production. This question is raised by Russian and foreign scientists studying the issue of organisational and technological reliability in construction. The analysis of the theoretical background of this topic clearly shows a quite positive situation. However, the organisational and technological reliability is intended not for theoretical research, but for practical application. If in the past the organisational and technological reliability was understood as the compliance of a facility with the technical standards and norms, this is not longer the point because many of the norms got outdated. Accordingly, it is necessary to include the state bodies in the process of creation the new and constant updating of the existing regulatory and technical data base in the field of organisational and technological reliability. Time losses in construction still reach up to 30% of the total period of construction. The objective of the present study is to investigate the currently available methods of enhancing the organisational and technological reliability in construction and to make suggestions on its improvement aimed at reducing the construction timeline.Materials and Methods. The current methods of determining the organisational and technological reliability are presented. A brief description of the main methods is provided. The method proposed by the authors to the enterprises for application in construction of the residential houses is described in more detail. The method consists in the implementation and use of the enterprise quality management system.Results. The main goal for such enterprises has been defined and recommendations on implementation of the “top-down” system have been provided. The quality management system model has been supplemented and plotted. A cyclical flow has been proposed, where a consumer looking to satisfy his needs, turns again to the same manufacturer whenever he has a new need for this product, and the manufacturer, in turn, constantly improves its quality management system.Discussion and Conclusions. The quality management system model worked out in the course of the present research should help the enterprises to improve the organisational and technological reliability of their products by focusing on the consumer and to gain a larger share in the market.