The procedure of anthropization extent modeling for landscapes and/or physic-geographic taxons was implemented for the specified megaregion. It includes Ukrainian physic-geographic zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe. The spatial data bases (SDB) were organized for the implementation megaregion by appropriate geoinformation processing of up-to-date open digital spatial data sources. The implementation operating scale of anthropization extent for physic-geographic taxons was substantiated and created in accordance with the megaregional SDB. The scale embodies 55 operating land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems causing determinate anthropization extent. The last is presented by corresponding to mentioned systems anthropization categories and indexes. The operating scale was strictly implemented for the megaregion. The implementation included the anthropization extent modeling at the level of physic-geographic areas and districts. The interpretation of the obtained model results was carried out. The results display that the land use consequences are altogether unfavorable for the natural environment of the megaregion. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 2018/74/2 68The model implementation achievements indicated the relevance and objectivity of proposed approaches to the landscape anthropization extent modeling. The approaches are applicable to schemes and projects of environmental management.

Modern trends of civil aviation development indicate the need to improve fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of the utilized fuels. The use of conventional jet fuel is meeting to a lesser degree the promising requirements concerning environmental friendliness at a constantly rising price for it. Apart from that, oil reserves are limited. According to many experts, the solution to the growing problems with oil fuels can be application of alternative types of aviation fuel. A number of companies around the world, together with aircraft manufacturers under the significant state support, are actively developing new types of fuel. At the moment the most widespread biofuels consisting of bioethanol are obtained from various plant and animal sources. Alternative fuels should not be inferior to petroleum fuels in its operational properties. A possible transition to them should not require significant costs for the modernization of aircraft and facilities of ground aviation fuel supply. Therefore, an urgent task is to compare the main indicators of the quality of oil fuels, biofuels and their mixtures to assess the possibility of using biofuels on aircraft. A comparative analysis was carried out on some quality indicators. Afterwards the comments were given on the impact of changes of these quality indicators on the performance properties of the fuels. It is shown that according to some quality indicators, biofuels under research have the advantages over oil ones. The relevance of comprehensive study of the performance properties of biofuels is obvious. The improvement of oil fuels and their comprehensive study have been under way for more than 60 years. Biofuels are just beginning their life, so it is reasonable to conduct thorough research on their use in aviation.

The principles for the construction of the scale of geoecological situation in land use were substantiated. This situation is based on the parameter of landscape anthropization extent. The parameter was called a geosituation index. Such index is the area proportion for geoecological positive (or geo-positive) and geoecological negative (or geo-negative) land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems. The first systems are still called in essence nature-accentuated, near-to-nature or simply natural systems. Percents of geo-positive LULC systems' area are also used as a separate parameter additional to the geosituation index. The scale of geosituation concerning land use in model landscapes or other territorial units was developed. Such scale for the first time has the logic-parametric consistency with previously developed scheme of the landscape anthropization extent. The geosituation is classified in the scale by categories. They vary from excessively favorable to catastrophic category. The developed geosituation scale was implemented for the selected megaregion. It includes Ukrainian physic-geographic zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe and their regions, areas and districts. The digital choropleths were modeled for the geosituation in land use in the areas and districts. The all obtained results indicated the validity and further implementation suitability of proposed geosituation indexes and their scale. The developed approaches can be applied in the territorial schemes and projects of modern environmental management.   Keywords: land use, anthropization, landscape, geoecological situation, near-to-nature systems

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