No abstract

The results of vegetable production in recent years in the world and the Russian Federation are shown. The countries in which there was a significant change in the indicators of vegetable production are listed. The global indicators of the most important types of vegetable crops are given. The shares of the countries – the main leading vegetable producers – in the world gross harvest of vegetable products are allocated. Indicators of the size of the acreage, gross harvest and productivity in administrative districts are analyzed. The leading subjects of the Federation on these indicators are named. The collection of commercial vegetables in General and in the categories of vegetable producers. Given the share of Russia in world production of vegetables according to cultivated area, gross yield and basic types of vegetable production. It is established that the capacity of the domestic market is high and options for increasing production in the vegetable sector are proposed. The most important reasons constraining production of qualitative competitive vegetable production are designated, and also recommendations for their decision are given. The generalized results of longterm experiments allowing to pass to a new level of productivity of production of vegetables are shown. The level of influence of degradation of arable land on productivity and efficiency of vegetable growing is specified. The analysis of differentiation of districts and subjects of the Federation on the per capita consumption of vegetables, based on their own production and interregional exchange of vegetable products, taking into account imports from other countries. Consumption of vegetable production in districts and subjects of the Federation is presented. The shares of imports in the interregional exchange and to the volume of own production of vegetable products are calculated. The volume of imports is shown in real and value terms (in us dollars).

The comparative analysis of changes in prices for carrots with changes in prices for fruit and vegetable products and the level of inflation is given. The analysis of the structure of imports of carrots by countries is given, and the countries that have completely stopped purchasing carrots are listed. Its consumption has not reached the rational consumption standards recommended by the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation yet, which are 17 kg per year for 1 person. Reduced supplies from foreign countries allowed national vegetable producers to increase the production of carrots. Production of carrots in Russia remains profitable even without subsidies. However, the achieved profitability does not allow for extended reproduction. The average Russian consumer prices for carrots for the months of 2018 were in the range of 27.73 … 54.56 rubles/kg.

Vegetable growing is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agriculture in the Russian Federation. Research on the economics and organization of the production of vegetables and fruits of melons and gourds began at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorology (VNIIO) after its formation in 1930 and served as the basis for the creation of commercial vegetable-growing zones, specialized farms and green-house complexes around major cities and industrial centers of Russia, as well as vegetable farms in other republics. The following were developed: a promising scheme for the development and placement of vegetable growing in zones of the country in open and protected ground, scientifically based proposals for improving the organization and increasing the efficiency of vegetable growing in Moscow, Ryazan, Ivanovo, Bryansk, Irkutsk, Lipetsk and other regions of Russia. From 2000 to 2014, research focused on the development of concepts for the development of commercial vegetable and seed production of open and protected soil in the context of existing economic relations and forms of management. Since 2015, an analysis of the economic efficiency of vegetable production in the Russian Federation has been carried out, taking into account large-scale and small-scale production, interregional exchange of vegetable products, taking into account import and export, equivalence of inter-sectoral exchange, development of cooperation in the village, economic efficiency of long-term storage of fresh vegetables, and optimal size of vegetable production. for vegetable producers of all forms of ownership, safety of vegetable products in the context of food safety Russia. Today, Russia produces 105.7 kg of vegetables per capita per year, and in 2017, the self-sufficiency of open and protected soil in vegetables was 81.1%. The large stability of large-scale production was noted in the conditions of the unfavorable economic situation in the vegetable industry. Identified systemic problems that limit the increase in the production of vegetable products and adversely affect its effectiveness.

The elemental composition of Apium graveolens L seeds of root (Cupid and Root gribovsky) and leaf varieties (Samurai and Tender) was determined using x-ray fluorescence analysis. In quantitative terms, the macronutrients are dominated by Ca (1.59-2.24% dry matter) and K (0.8-1.28%), as well as Na, P, S, Mg, and microelements – iron, zinc and manganese. It is shown that there is a wide variability of indicators for macro-and microelements. Significant varietal differences in accumulation were noted for sodium, silicon, chlorine, strontium (variability of more than 70%), as well as aluminum, iron, titanium, nickel, copper, and bromine. Varieties Cupid is characterized by increased accumulation of iron, silicon, sulfur, potassium, titanium, zinc, zirconium; varieties Samurai – sodium, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, calcium; varieties Tender – potassium, manganese, copper, bromine, and barium; Root gribovskiy – manganese and bromine. A high level of variation in the elemental composition of celery seeds of root and leaf varieties makes it possible to select plants that differ in an increased content of deficient macro-and microelements.