The purpose. To probe effect of different doses of ammonium nitrate and carbamide on productivity and quality of grain of winter wheat depending on the predecessor, background of feed and weather environment during growing. Methods. General scientific: field experiments, laboratory (physicochemical parameters of quality of grain), calculation-relative and statistical. Results. On typical average humus chernozem of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine root nitrogen supplementary feeding in tillering stage in dose of N40 depending on the background of a feed after bare fallow promoted increase of yield in alternatives with importation of ammonium nitrate on 0,75 -0,81 t/hectare, carbamide -on 0,71 -0,92, and after pease for grain -accordingly on 0,71 -0,72 and 0,69 -0,80 t/hectare. At equal doses of supplementary feeding they did not fix essential variance in productivity and quality of grain between forms of nitrogen, and heightening rates of application from N40 up to N60 was economically ineffective. The most tall pay-back of 1 kg of nitrogen with grain was ensured by application of dose N20 after bare fallow on not fertilized background -29,5 -35,5 kg. In good weather environment root supplementary feeding in doses of N40 and N60 promoted deriving grain of 2nd and 3rd classes after bare fallow, and 3rd and 5th -after pease. Conclusions. Joint effect of base fertilizer (N30P30K30 on the background of aftereffect of dung) and root nitrogen supplementary feeding in tillering stage with ammonium nitrate or carbamide in dose of N40 is an efficient method of increase of yield and quality of grain of winter wheat. Optimization of importation of both kinds of nitrogen fertilizers by root method after bare fallow and pease equally raised their efficiency and pay-back by grain, especially in conditions of dry autumn.

Âèâ÷åííÿ àäàïòèâíîñò³ ñó÷àñíèõ ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ çà åêîëîã³÷íèìè ïàðàìåòðàìè òà âñòàíîâëåííÿ ð³âíÿ ¿õíüî¿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ çàëåaeíî â³ä ïîãîäíèõ óìîâ ðîêó, ñèñòåìè îñíîâíîãî óäîáðåííÿ òà ð³âíÿ àçîòíîãî aeèâëåííÿ. Ìåòîäè. Ïîëüîâèé, ñòàòèñòè÷íî-ìàòåìàòè÷íèé àíàë³ç. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Íàâåäåíî ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äaeåíü ïðîòÿãîì 2016-2018 ðð. ïîêàçíèê³â åêîëîã³÷íî¿ ïëàñòè÷íîñò³, ãîìåîñòàòè÷íîñò³ òà ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ñó÷àñíèõ ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ çàëåaeíî â³ä äîç àçîòíîãî ï³äaeèâëåííÿ íà ôîí³ îñíîâíîãî âíåñåííÿ N 30 P 30 K 30 â óìîâàõ Ñõ³äíîãî ˳ñîñòåïó Óêðà¿íè. Âñòàíîâëåíî ñïåöèô³÷íó ðåàêö³þ ñîðò³â íà äîçè ïðèêîðåíåâîãî àçîòíîãî ï³äaeèâëåííÿ çàëåaeíî â³ä ðîçâèòêó ïîñ³â³â âîñåíè, ÷àñó â³äíîâëåííÿ âåñíÿíî¿ âåãåòàö³¿ ðîñëèí òà ïîãîäíèõ óìîâ ïðîòÿãîì âåñíÿíî-ë³òíüîãî ïåð³îäó. Äëÿ äîñë³äaeóâàíèõ ñîðò³â âèçíà÷åíî ïîêàçíèêè ãîìåîñòàòè÷íîñò³ (Hom), ùî äàëî ìîaeëèâ³ñòü îö³íèòè ñîðòè çà ¿õíüîþ ïðèäàòí³ñòþ äëÿ âèðîùóâàííÿ â óìîâàõ ðåã³îíó. Îö³íêà àãðîíîì³÷íî¿ ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ äîñë³äaeóâàíèõ ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ïîêàçàëà âèñîêèé ð³âåíü ðåàë³çàö³¿ ïîòåíö³àëó ¿õíüî¿ âðîaeàéíîñò³, ÿêèé íà êîíòðîëüíèõ âàð³àíòàõ (áåç óäîáðåííÿ) ñòàíîâèâ 86,7%. Ó âàð³àíòàõ ïðèêîðåíåâîãî àçîòíîãî ï³äaeèâëåííÿ ðîñëèí ó ôàçó âåñíÿíîãî êóù³ííÿ (N 20 , N 40 , N 60) öåé ïîêàçíèê çì³íþâàâñÿ â³ä 85,6 äî 87,4%. Âèñíîâêè. Íàéâèùó âðîaeàéí³ñòü (5,77-7,01 ò/ãà) çàáåçïå÷èâ ñîðò 'Åïîõà îäåñüêà' ç ïîçèòèâíèì ãåíîòèïîâèì åôåêòîì (0,16-0,43 ò/ãà). Ñîðòè 'Åïîõà îäåñüêà' òà 'Ñòàòíà' ìîaeíà ââàaeàòè ³íòåíñèâíèìè, îñê³ëüêè çà ðîêè äîñë³äaeåíü ìàëè âèùó âðîaeàéí³ñòü òà ñèëüíî âèðàaeåíó ðåàêö³þ íà óìîâè âèðîùóâàííÿ. Çà ðîêè äîñë³äaeåíü íà âñ³õ âàð³àíòàõ óäîáðåííÿ ñîðò 'Ñìóãëÿíêà' âèÿâèâñÿ íàéö³íí³øèì çà ïîêàçíèêàìè íàéìåíøîãî êîëèâàííÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ (0,46-0,61 ò/ãà) é êîåô³ö³ºíòà âàð³àö³¿ (V = 3,8-5,2%), ìàâ íàéâèù³ çíà÷åííÿ ãîìåîñòàòè÷íîñò³ (Hom = 11,57-15,93) òà àãðîíîì³÷íî¿ ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ ðåàë³çàö³¿ ïîòåíö³àëó ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ (As = 94,8-96,2%). Ïðè öüîìó çàñòîñóâàííÿ ð³çíèõ äîç àçîòó íå âïëèâàëî íà ïðîÿâ ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ öüîãî ñîðòó. Îòaeå, ñîðò 'Ñìóãëÿíêà' âèÿâèâñÿ ñòàá³ëüí³øèì òà åêîíîì³÷íî ö³ííèì ïîð³âíÿíî ç ñîðòàìè 'Åïîõà îäåñüêà' òà 'Ñòàòíà', ÿê³ ìàëè ïîòåíö³éíî âèùó ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, àëå ç âåëèêèì ¿¿ êîëèâàííÿì. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ïøåíèöÿ îçèìà; ñîðò; äîçè àçîòó; âðîaeàéí³ñòü; åêîëîã³÷íà ïëàñòè÷í³ñòü; àãðîíîì³÷íà ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü.

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300сортовивчення та охорона прав на сорти рослин, 2017, Т. 13, №3 Ðîñëèííèöòâî ÂñòóïÑåðåä îñíîâíèõ ñêëàäîâèõ íàö³îíàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè òà îäíèì ç íàéâàaeëèâ³øèõ çàâäàíü àãðîïðîìèñëîâîãî êîìïëåêñó Óêðà¿íè â ñó-÷àñíèõ ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íèõ óìîâàõ º çíà÷-íå çá³ëüøåííÿ é ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ âèðîáíèöòâà ïðîäîâîëü÷îãî çåðíà òà ï³äâèùåííÿ éîãî ÿêîñò³. Íàéåôåêòèâí³øèìè øëÿõàìè ðåàë³-çàö³¿ öüîãî çàâäàííÿ º ñòâîðåííÿ íîâèõ âè-ñîêîâðîaeàéíèõ, âèñîêîÿê³ñíèõ, ñò³éêèõ äî åêñòðåìàëüíèõ ôàêòîð³â ñîðò³â çåðíîâèõ êóëüòóð, ñåðåä ÿêèõ íàéâàãîì³øå ì³ñöå íà-ëåaeèòü ïøåíèö³ ì'ÿê³é îçèì³é (Triticum aestivum L.), ðàö³îíàëüíå âèêîðèñòàííÿ ¿¿ ó ñòðóêòóð³ ïîñ³âíèõ ïëîù òà ðîçðîáëåííÿ åêîíîì³÷íî âèã³äíèõ ³ åêîëîã³÷íî áåçïå÷íèõ òåõíîëîã³é âèðîùóâàííÿ, àäàïòîâàíèõ äî ïîãîäíèõ óìîâ ð³çíèõ ðåã³îí³â êðà¿íè [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].Âíàñë³äîê ïîðóøåííÿ ñòðóêòóðè ïîñ³â³â íà êîðèñòü íàéðåíòàáåëüí³øèõ êóëüòóð, ó áàãàòüîõ ãîñïîäàðñòâàõ áóëè âòðà÷åí³ ïëîù³ ï³ä îñíîâíèìè ïîïåðåäíèêàìè îçèìèõ çåð-íîâèõ êóëüòóð -ïàðàìè, áàãàòîð³÷íèìè òðàâàìè òà ðàíí³ìè çåðíîáîáîâèìè êóëüòó-ðàìè. Ãîñïîäàðñòâà ïåðåéøëè ç òðàäèö³é-íèõ 8-10-ï³ëüíèõ ñ³âîçì³í íà êîðîòêîðîòà-ö³éí³ 2-4-ï³ëüí³, ùî ïðèçâåëî äî çìåíøåí-íÿ ðîäþ÷îñò³ ´ðóíòó. Êð³ì òîãî, ó çâ'ÿçêó ç³ çìåíøåííÿì ïîãîë³â'ÿ ÂÐÕ ó áàãàòüîõ ãîñ-ïîäàðñòâàõ ïðèïèíåíî âíåñåííÿ îðãàí³÷íèõ äîáðèâ. Öå ñòàëî ïðè÷èíîþ âàð³àáåëüíîñò³ âðîaeàéíîñò³ òà ÿêîñò³ çåðíîâî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿ çà ðîêàìè âèðîùóâàííÿ. Íàäçâè÷àéíî ñêëàä-íèì ñòàëî ïðîãíîçóâàííÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ òà ïî-êàçíèê³â ÿêîñò³ ïðîäóêö³¿ êóëüòóð [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].Ìåòà äîñë³äaeåíü -âñòàíîâèòè âïëèâ îñíîâíîãî îðãàíî-ì³íåðàëüíîãî óäîáðåííÿ íà ôîðìóâàííÿ òà ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü ÿêîñò³ çåðíà ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ â áàãàòîï³ëüí³é ñ³âî-çì³í³ ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèêà ÷îðíèé ïàð. Ìàòåð³àëè òà ìåòîäèêà äîñë³äaeåíüÄîñë³äaeåííÿ ïðîâîäèëè ïðîòÿãîì 2011-2015 ðð. ó ñòàö³îíàðí³é 9-ï³ëüí³é ïàðî-çåð-íî-ïðîñàïí³é ñ³âîçì³í³ ëàáîðàòî𳿠ðîñëèí-íèöòâà ³ ñîðòîâèâ÷åííÿ ²íñòèòóòó ðîñëèí-íèöòâà ³ìåí³ Â. ß. Þð'ºâà ÍÀÀÍ ï³ñëÿ ïî-ïåðåäíèêà ÷îðíèé ïàð. ¥ðóíò äîñë³äíîãî ïîëÿ -÷îðíîçåì òèïîâèé ñåðåäíüîãóìóñíèé ñëàáîâèëóaeåíèé. Çà ïåð³îä äîñë³äaeåíü íà ôîí³ áåç äîáðèâ âì³ñò àçîòó, ùî ëåãêî ã³äðî-ë³çóºòüñÿ (â îðíîìó øàð³ íà 100 ã ´ðóíòó), ÓÄÊ 633.1: 631.5 http://dx

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