Coinfection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus altered viral tropism in gastrointestinal tract in a piglet model

Study of the effect of intestinal immunity in neonatal piglets coinfected with porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

“…However, one study showed no increase in disease severity when pigs were first inoculated with the virulent PEDV strain PC21A and then inoculated 16 h later with PDCoV strain OH-FD22 or when they were inoculated simultaneously with both strains [ 9 ]. A similar result was also obtained in our previous study, which showed that infection with PDCoV followed by PEDV did not exacerbate disease severity compared to a single infection with either virus [ 10 ]. Thus, the possible synergistic effects of PDCoV and PEDV coinfection remain controversial, and the detailed mechanism by which coinfection affects intestinal immunity remains unclear.…”

“…Our previous reports also showed that an animal model of PDCoV + PEDV coinfection was successfully established in neonatal non-colostrum-fed piglets. It was demonstrated that coinfection with PDCoV and PEDV can alter PEDV tropism from epithelial cells of the small intestine to gastric epithelial cells and macrophages in Peyer’s patches in the ileum, and coinfection with PDCoV and PEDV resulted in significantly lower viral loads in the small intestine compared to a single infection with either virus [ 10 ]. However, these experimental results need to be verified to determine whether they are related to immune cells in the intestine.…”

“…These results demonstrated that piglets infected first with PDCoV and then with PEDV showed higher levels of intestinal antiviral immunity than those inoculated with PEDV alone. This may partly explain why our previous results showed that piglets coinfected with PDCoV + PEDV showed a significantly lower PDCoV or PEDV viral load in the small intestine than piglets infected with PDCoV or PEDV alone [ 10 ]. A similar study showed possible inhibition of PDCoV replication in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals that were first inoculated with the virulent PEDV strain PC21A and then with PDCoV strain OH-FD22 [ 9 ].…”

“…At 48 hpi, each piglet in the PEDV and PDCoV + PEDV groups was inoculated orally with 4 ml of 1 × 10 5 TCID 50 /mL of PEDV strain JS-A, while those in the PDCoV and uninfected control groups were inoculated orally with an equal volume of maintenance medium. Piglets were euthanized for pathologic examination 72 h after the second exposure as described previously [ 10 ]. One part of the tissue samples of the proximal duodenum, middle jejunum, and distal ileum was fixed with 10% formalin for 48 h and then dehydrated, paraffin-embedded, and made into 4-µm serial slices.…”

Improving adsorption effect of modified carbon felt on microorganisms in pig houses

“…Many airborne pathogenic microorganisms can cause diarrhea and even death in piglets, leading to serious economic losses to the pig farm. Examples include Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Clostridium difficile , Streptococcus , Acinetobacter , Pseudomonas , and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In particular, E. coli considerably threatens piglet health due to its prevalence, direct pathogenicity, and high concentration in air environment.…”