Model of the Human Observer and Decision Maker — Theory and Validation

Wewerinke, P.H.

doi:10.1016/s1474-6670(17)62905-7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As we have already assumed that the display is the only source of information for the user, it has to be designed to allow the user perceive, comprehend and predict the desired information to attain correct SA. Hence, the display design procedure requires a careful selection and clear presentation of the information for the user to perform the desired tasks correctly.Some examples which are available in the literature about incorporating human-factors into traditional control theory are (i) modelling the human operator as a controller for systems without [7-10] or with uncertainties [11,12], (ii) modelling the user as an estimator and Kalman filter [13,14] and (iii) modelling the user as an observer-based fault detector with the focus on modelling the decision making process [15,16]. Rather than modelling the user as a full-order Kalman-filter/observer, in [17] we modelled the user as a customised functional observer which could be personalised based on the capabilities of the operator.…”

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confidence: 99%

Delay‐incorporating observability and predictability analysis of safety‐critical continuous‐time systems

Eskandari

Dumont

Wang

2015

IET Control Theory & Applications

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The authors suggest a framework for human-automation interaction in safety-critical continuous systems under shared control and consider continuous-time linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamics to formalise our physical models mathematically. Their goal is to determine whether or not a given user-interface provides the information required for a certain task, under the assumption that the user does not have access to any information beyond what is provided in the display. They identify observability-based conditions under which a user-interface provides the user with necessary information to accomplish a given task, formulated as a subset of the state space. They, therefore formulate the novel delay-incorporating user-observable subspace, and the delay-incorporating user-predictable subspace and compare them with the space spanned by the combination of the states which create the task. They assume the user is a special type of observer, with capabilities corresponding to different levels of knowledge regarding the current user's input and its derivatives. In addition, they consider that state reconstruction and prediction incorporate a processing delay. IntroductionAs interfaces and their underlying systems become more complex, information beyond what is contained in the interface may not be accessible. We aim to identify tools that assess the correctness of a user-interface for a given task, an especially relevant problem in systems for which intuition and simulation may not be enough to assure that an interface is effective. While in many systems, such as a human-driven car, the user has access to information beyond what is simply contained in the interface, we focus here solely on information contained in the interface, for example, a remotely controlled car or a pilot performing a task in high altitude.Human-factors researchers have frequently pointed out the importance of incorporating human-factors into traditional control theory, which can result in better human-automation interaction [1, 2]. Many researchers have suggested frameworks for humanautomation interaction in order to come up with more effective interaction between the elements of the system [1-3]. Attaining situation awareness (SA) is a human-factor concept which is known to be necessary for the user to have correct interaction with the automation [4,5]. Attaining SA includes three levels of processing the information, (i) perception of the information, (ii) comprehension of the information and (iii) projection or prediction of the information [4,6]. Lack of SA can lead to a faulty control action by the operator because of bad decisions. As we have already assumed that the display is the only source of information for the user, it has to be designed to allow the user perceive, comprehend and predict the desired information to attain correct SA. Hence, the display design procedure requires a careful selection and clear presentation of the information for the user to perform the desired tasks correctly.Some examples which are available in the literatu...

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confidence: 99%

Delay‐incorporating observability and predictability analysis of safety‐critical continuous‐time systems

Eskandari

Dumont

Wang

2015

IET Control Theory & Applications

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“…For example, one could build upon the model proposed by Gai and Curry (1976), in which a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test is used to process optimal estimator residuals to determine the occurrence of a process failure event. Or, one could follow up on the modified GLR approach by Wewerinke (1981), or the discriminant analysis approach to discrete event detection proposed by Greenstein (1979). It suffices to note here that a range of options exist for modeling event detection performance, and for generating the desired event occurrence probabilities.…”

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Design for Tactical Situation Awareness Display

Zacharias¹,

Gonsalves²

1992

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“…Our eyes fixate features in the visual field, and the distribution of these fixations is usually not uniform (Papin, Naureils, & Santucci, 1980;Stark & Ellis, 1981). Several investigators (e.g., Wewerinke, 1981) have shown that oculomotor informationseeking during instrument monitoring can be modeled as random, or stratified random, sampling. Using similar analyses, other studies (e.g., Kapoula, 1983;Rayner & Pollatsek, 1981) have found structure in the transition patterns of scanning data, which may mean that subsequent fixations are being directed by repetitive, ongoing, cognitive processing.…”

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Sampling distributions of the entropy in visual scanning

Weiss

Remington

Ellis

1989

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Identifying true statistical dependencies in visual-scanning data involves showing that the observed scanning pattern is significantly more ordered than that which would be produced by a stratified random-sampling model. In the past, entropy has been used as the index to measure statistical order or dependency. Due to the unknown nature ofthe underlying sampling distributions of entropy, however, researchers have had to use relatively less powerful nonparametric statistical tests to determine significance. In this paper we present relevant portions of the family of sampling distributions of entropy and show that they are sufficiently normally distributed to allow the use of a more powerful parametric statistical test when attempting to distinguish among the different models of sampling.

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Model of the Human Observer and Decision Maker — Theory and Validation

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Delay‐incorporating observability and predictability analysis of safety‐critical continuous‐time systems

Delay‐incorporating observability and predictability analysis of safety‐critical continuous‐time systems

Design for Tactical Situation Awareness Display

Sampling distributions of the entropy in visual scanning

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