Scientific/industrial camera-on-a-chip using Active Column Sensor CMOS imager core

Vogelsong, T. L.; Zarnowski, Jeffrey J.; Pace, Matthew A.; Zarnowski, Terry L.

doi:10.1117/12.385428

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A voltage mode technique of note is the active column sensor (ACS) [10], where the pixel's output transistor acts as half of a unity-gain amplifier. This technique retains the benefits of a standard APS design, but reduces the gain errors seen in the APS source-follower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Current-Mode Active Pixel Sensor

Philipp

Orr

Gruev

et al. 2007

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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A current mode CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) providing linear light-to-current conversion with inherently low fixed pattern noise (FPN) is presented. The pixel features adjustable-gain current output using a pMOS readout transistor in the linear region of operation. This paper discusses the pixel's design and operation, and presents an analysis of the pixel's temporal noise and FPN. Results for zero and first-order pixel mismatch are presented. The pixel was implemented in a both a 3.3 V 0.35 µm and a 1.8 V 0.18 µm CMOS process. The 0.35 µm process pixel had an uncorrected FPN of 1.4%/0.7% with/without column readout mismatch. The 0.18 µm process pixel had 0.4% FPN after delta-reset sampling (DRS). The pixel size in both processes was 10 X 10 µm 2 , with fill factors of 26% and 66%, respectively. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of the University of Pennsylvania's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it. Keywords CMOS analog integrated circuits, image sensors Disciplines Electrical and Computer EngineeringThis journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/ese_papers/312

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Current-Mode Active Pixel Sensor

Philipp

Orr

Gruev

et al. 2007

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…The operation of a 3T-pixel is described in [12], noting that on an APS the pixel's output voltage is buffered through a source follower (SF). In contrast to an APS, an ACS configuration implements a true unity gain amplifier without adding extra transistors at the pixel level to buffer the sensing photodiode voltage [13], so the fill factor is not decreased. A diagram of the experimental array is shown on figure 2, with this work focusing on the design of the CMOS ACS photodetection stage.…”

Section: Cmos Image Sensormentioning

confidence: 98%

CMOS Active Column Sensor for biodetection applications based on Surface Plasmon Resonance

Salazar

Camacho-León

Martínez-Chapa

et al. 2012

2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)

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A CMOS Active Column Sensor (ACS) with FPN noise reduction is developed for Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensing applications. For a SPR interface where the materials are compatible with a post-CMOS fabrication process a 68° coupling angle and a reflectance change of 75% are obtained. Furthermore, these materials provide the possibility of integration with the rest of the elements in an SPR biosensor in a single chip, including a CMOS ACS for the photodetection stage. The 20x20 μm 2 pixel uses a n-well/p-sub photodiode, three transistors (3T) configuration, with a 61% fill factor and 5.2 μV/e -conversion gain. Non Correlated Double sampling (NCDS) and double delta sampling (DDS) schemes are implemented for noise handling, where a Monte Carlo analysis shows a reduction of the output's variance.

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“…In the AR technique, the suppression or temporal reset noise is mainly achieved by two mechanisms: the amplification of the feedback capacitance during reset by the Miller effect and the active control of the reset transistor drain current via negative feedback [13]. With the ACS readout architecture [14], the source follower amplifier is substituted with a high-gain amplifier in unity-gain configuration. This way pixel gain variations are significantly reduced, and therefore a signal swing is increased.…”

Section: Design and Operation Of The Low Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

A Low noise CMOS image sensor with an emission filter for fluorescence applications

Beiderman

Tam

Fish

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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This paper presents a 128x128 low noise CMOS image sensor with emission filter for fluorescence detection. The imager, fabricated in 0.18µm CMOS technology, provides lownoise operation by employing both the active reset (AR) technique and the active column sensor (ACS) readout method. The emission filter was fabricated using PDMS and Sudan II Blue dye mixed, spin-coated and deposited in the class 1000 clean room. The designed filter is suitable for excitation at wavelengths below 340 nm and emission at 450nm and above. Filter properties, such as thickness, transmission and efficiency of utilization with the fabricated imager are discussed. Preliminary measurements of the system using microbeads are also presented.

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Scientific/industrial camera-on-a-chip using Active Column Sensor CMOS imager core

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Linear Current-Mode Active Pixel Sensor

Linear Current-Mode Active Pixel Sensor

CMOS Active Column Sensor for biodetection applications based on Surface Plasmon Resonance

A Low noise CMOS image sensor with an emission filter for fluorescence applications

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