The Echocardiographic Determination of Volume and Muscle Mass of the Heart

Hh, Dickhuth; Röecker, Kai; Nieß, Andreas M.; Hipp, Arno; Hc, Heitkamp

doi:10.1055/s-2007-972914

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Echocardiographic data of the last decades indicate that in these cases both LV wall thickness and LV volume increase. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Hence, it is not easy to evaluate cardiac hypertrophy. It can be the result of an illness, of a pathological state, but in other cases it can be interpreted as a positive outcome of a healthy, physically active lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic function in physically well trained and in obese men

Sidó¹,

Jákó²,

Kneffel

et al. 2003

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to compare cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic function in extremely obese male patients and physically active adult male subjects of similar age (means 43.0-43.4 y). DESIGN: Data of male patients referred to our hospital ward in order to reduce their body weight (BW) were compared with those of physically active and nonactive healthy males. SUBJECTS: The groups contained 21-24 male subjects, very active and moderately active subjects taking part in regular competitive or leisure time physical activity were in the two athletic groups, severely overweight patients constituted the obese group and healthy persons served as controls. MEASUREMENTS: Two-dimensionally guided M-mode and Doppler recordings. RESULTS: In comparison with the controls, obese patients had larger left atrial systolic and left ventricular (LV) diastolic internal diameters, LV diastolic wall thickness and muscle mass. Of the body size-related indices, only the left atrial systolic diameter index was significantly higher. LV systolic and diastolic functions were impaired as indicated by a decreased ejection fraction (EF), higher heart rate (HR), decreased E/A quotient and increased isovolumetric relaxation time. In the physically very active subjects, a thicker LV diastolic wall was seen without LV dilatation. Body size-related wall thickness and muscle mass were significantly higher than in the controls. EF and HR did not differ from those of the controls. CONCLUSION: The most useful help to distinguish between physiological and pathological left ventricular hypertrophy can be to investigate diastolic functions. The most salient difference appeared in diastolic function, because E/A quotient was higher in the very active subjects than in the controls and it was the lowest in the obese persons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic function in physically well trained and in obese men

Sidó¹,

Jákó²,

Kneffel

et al. 2003

Int J Obes

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“…In this case, the increase in dimensions is due to the sports training and is performed in a harmonic way, in accordance with the proportion with the body weight. 28 Limitations Four sporting modalities have been taken into account, making it difficult to obtain statistically significant results with so many groups. Therefore, it is possible that the choice of only two clearly contrasting modalities would result in greater association.…”

Section: Basketballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac remodeling indicators in adolescent athletes

Castanheira

Valente‐dos‐Santos

Costa

et al. 2017

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Summary Objective: The idea that different sports and physical training type results in different cardiac adaptations has been widely accepted. However, this remodelling process among different sport modalities is still not fully understood. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the heart morphology variation associated with a set of different modalities characterized by distinct models of preparation and different methods and demands of training and completion. Method: The sample comprises 42 basketball players, 73 roller hockey players, 28 judo athletes and 21 swimmers. Anthropometry was assessed by a single and experienced anthropometrist and the same technician performed the echocardiographic exams. Analysis of variance was used to study age, body size and echocardiograph parameters as well as different sport athlete's comparison. Results: Basketball players are taller (F=23.448; p<0.001; ES-r=0.553), heavier (F=6.702; p<0.001; ES-r=0.334) and have a greater body surface area (F=11.896; p<0.001; ES-r=0.427). Basketball and hockey players have larger left auricle diameters compared with judo athletes (F=3.865; p=0.011; ES-r=0.316). Interventricular end-diastolic septal thickness (F=7.287; p<0.001; ES-r=0.347) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (F=8.038; p<0.001; ES-r=0.362) of the judokas are smaller compared to the mean values of other sports participants. In addition, relative left parietal ventricular wall thickness is lower among swimmers compared with judokas (F=4.127; p=0.008; ES-r=0.268). Conclusion: The major contributors to changes in heart morphology are for the most part associated with sport-specific training and competition and the specific dynamics and adaptive mechanisms imposed by each sport.

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“…Echokardiographisch vergrößern sich der enddiastolische Durchmesser des linken Ventrikels und die Wanddicken maximal um 10-20%, so dass die absoluten Werte in Abhängigkeit vom Körpergewicht 55-63 mm (enddiastolischer Durchmesser) bzw. 12-13 mm (Septum) und 11-12 mm (Hinterwand) selten überschreiten [7,8,32] (Tabelle 2).…”

Section: Figureunclassified

“…die Gesamtmyokardmasse angegeben werden [7,41]. Nach Linzbach [24] wird zwar ein absolutes kritisches Herzgewicht von 500 g angenommen, welches jedoch auf pathologisch-anatomischen Untersuchungen ohne Berücksichtigung des Körpergewichts beruht.…”

Section: Figureunclassified

“…Nach Linzbach [24] wird zwar ein absolutes kritisches Herzgewicht von 500 g angenommen, welches jedoch auf pathologisch-anatomischen Untersuchungen ohne Berücksichtigung des Körpergewichts beruht. Besser ist die Angabe einer relativen kritischen Grenze, die bei 7 g/kg Körpergewicht (relatives kritisches Herzgewicht) anzusehen ist und physiologisch nicht überschritten wird [6,7]. So kann von einem austrainierten männlichen Ausdauersportler mit 90 kg Kör-pergewicht und einer relativen Herzgröße von 18 ml/kg durchaus ein physiologisches Herzgewicht von bis zu 600 g erreicht werden.…”

Section: Figureunclassified

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Ausdauersport und kardiale Adaptation (Sportherz)

Dickhuth

Röcker

Mayer

et al. 2004

Herz

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One essential function of the cardiovascular system is to provide an adequate blood supply to all organs, including the skeletal muscles at rest and during exercise. Adaptation to chronic exercise proceeds mainly via the autonomic nervous system. On the one hand, peripheral muscles influence the autonomic reactions through "feedback" control via ergoreceptors, in particular, mechano- and chemoreceptors. On the other hand, there is central control in the sense of a "feed forward" regulation, e. g., the reaction of an athlete before competition. Along with other influential factors, such as circulatory presso-, chemo-, and volume receptors, the incoming impulses are processed in vegetative centers.A cardiovascular reaction, then, is the result of nerval and humoral sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. At rest, the parasympathetic tone dominates. It reduces heart frequency and conduction velocity. The high vagal tone is initially reduced with increasing physical exertion and switches at higher intensity to increasingly sympathetic activation. This mechanism of reaction to exercise is supported by inverse central and peripheral transmissions.Chronic endurance training leads to an improved local aerobic capacity of the exercised musculature. At rest, it augments parasympathetic activity when the muscle mass is sufficiently large, i. e., 20-30% of the skeletal musculature. The extent of the adaptation depends on individual factors, such as scope, intensity of training, and type of muscle fiber. A higher vagal tone delays the increase in the sympathetic tone during physical exertion. The regulatory range of heart rate, contractility, diastolic function, and blood pressure is increased. In addition, adaptation results in functional and structural changes in the vascular system. Cardiocirculatory work is economized, and maximum performance and oxygen uptake are improved. Endurance training exceeding an individual limit causes harmonic enlargement and hypertrophy of the heart. The thickness of both, the septum and posterior wall increases to the same extent as the interior volume. The mass/volume ratio, and therefore the maximum systolic wall stress, remains constant in contrast to pathologic forms of hypertrophy. Adaptations, including function and size of the heart, show a regression in healthy inactive persons without any structural heart disease.

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The Echocardiographic Determination of Volume and Muscle Mass of the Heart

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic function in physically well trained and in obese men

Cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic function in physically well trained and in obese men

Cardiac remodeling indicators in adolescent athletes

Ausdauersport und kardiale Adaptation (Sportherz)

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