Understanding spatial patterns of land use and land cover is essential for studies addressing biodiversity, climate change and environmental modeling as well as for the design and monitoring of land use policies. The aim of this study was to create a detailed map of land use land cover of the deforested areas of the Brazilian Legal Amazon up to 2008. Deforestation data from and uses were mapped with Landsat-5/TM images analysed with techniques, such as linear spectral mixture model, threshold slicing and visual interpretation, aided by temporal information extracted from NDVI MODIS time series. The result is a high spatial resolution of land use and land cover map of the entire Brazilian Legal Amazon for the year 2008 and corresponding calculation of area occupied by different land use classes. The results showed that the four classes of Pasture covered 62% of the deforested areas of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, followed by Secondary Vegetation with 21%. The area occupied by Annual Agriculture covered less than 5% of deforested areas; the remaining areas were distributed among six other land use classes. The maps generated from this project -called TerraClass -are available at INPE's web site (http://www. inpe.br/cra/projetos_pesquisas/terraclass2008.php). KEYWORDS: Remote Sensing, Tropical Deforestation, TerraClass, Image Processing.Mapeamento do uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia Legal Brasileira com alta resolução espacial utilizando dados Landsat-5/TM e MODIS RESUMOEntender o padrão espacial do uso e cobertura da terra é essencial para estudos de biodiversidade, mudanças climáticas e modelagem ambiental, bem como para concepção e acompanhamento de políticas direcionadas ao uso da terra. O objetivo deste estudo foi criar um mapa detalhado do uso e cobertura da terra para a porção desflorestada da Amazônia Legal Brasileira, até 2008. Dados de desflorestamento e uso foram mapeados usando imagens Landsat-5/TM analisadas com técnicas como modelo linear de mistura espectral, fatiamento e interpretação visual, auxiliados por informações temporais de NDVI extraídas de série temporal de dados MODIS. O resultado deste estudo é um mapa de uso e cobertura da terra com alta resolução espacial para toda Amazônia Legal Brasileira, para o ano de 2008, e os respectivos percentuais da área ocupada por diferentes classes de uso da terra. O resultado mostrou que, quatro classes de pastagens cobrem 62% da área desflorestada da Amazônia Legal Brasileira, seguida pela vegetação secundária com 21%. A área ocupada pela agricultura anual cobriu menos de 5% das áreas desflorestadas; as áreas restantes estavam distribuídas em outras seis classes de uso da terra. Os mapas gerados por este projeto, chamado TerraClass, estão disponíveis no site do INPE (http://www.inpe.br/cra/projetos_pesquisas/terraclass2008.php). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sensoriamento Remoto, Desflorestamento Tropical, TerraClass, Processamento de Imagens.

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The Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA), the largest global rainforest on earth, contains nearly 30% of the rainforest on earth. Given the regional complexity and dynamics, there are large government investments focused on controlling and preventing deforestation. The National Institute for Space Research (INPE) is currently developing five complementary BLA monitoring systems, among which the near real-time deforestation detection system (DETER) excels. DETER employs MODIS 250 m imagery and almost daily revisit, enabling an early warning system to support surveillance and control of deforestation. The aim of this paper is to present the methodology and results of the DETER based on AWIFS data, called DETER-B. Supported by 56 m images, the new system is effective in detecting deforestation smaller than 25 ha, concentrating 80% of its total detections and 45% of the total mapped area in this range. It also presents higher detection capability in identifying areas between 25 and 100 ha. The area estimation per municipality is statistically equal to those of the official deforestation data (PRODES) and allows the identification of degradation and logging patterns not observed with the traditional DETER system.

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22 23 Brazil contains two-thirds of remaining Amazonian rainforests and is responsible for the 24 majority of Amazon forest loss. Primary forest loss in the Brazilian Amazon has declined considerably since 2004, but secondary forest loss has never been quantified. We use a recently-developed high-resolution land use/land cover dataset to track secondary forests 27 in the Brazilian Amazon over 14 years, providing the first estimates of secondary forest 28 loss for the region. We find that secondary forest loss increased by (187  48) % from 29 2008 to 2014. Moreover, the proportion of total forest loss accounted for by secondary 30 forests rose from (37  3) % in 2000 to (72  5) % in 2014. The recent acceleration in 31 secondary forests loss occurred across the entire region and was not driven simply by 32 increasing secondary forest area but likely a conscious preferential shift towards clearance of a little-protected forest ecosystem (i.e. secondary forests). Our results suggest that secondary forests loss have eased deforestation pressure on primary forests. However, this has been at the expense of a lost carbon sequestration opportunity of 2.59-2.66 Pg C over our study period.