AbstractThe synthesis of collagen–hydroxyapatite composites has been carried out, and the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity properties have been tested. This research was conducted to determine the ability of hydroxyapatite–collagen composites to support the bone growth through the graft surface. Hydroxyapatite used in this study was synthesized from coral with a purity of 96.6%, while collagen was extracted from the chicken claw. The process of forming a scaffold of collagen–hydroxyapatite composites was carried out using the freeze-drying method at −80°C for 4 h. The biocompatibility characteristics of the sample through the cytotoxicity tests showed that the percentage of viable cells in collagen–hydroxyapatite biocomposite was 108.2%, which is higher than the percentage of viable cells of hydroxyapatite or collagen material. When the viable cell is above 100%, collagen–hydroxyapatite composites have excellent osteoconductivity as a material for bone regeneration.

The present study investigated the effect of graphene oxide in cellulose acetate-based composite nanofibers on the transdermal delivery of naproxen.

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In this study, the synthesis of composite biomaterials consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA)/carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) with polymeric porous scaffolds is reported. Multicomponent biodegradable polymers were applied as the scaffold. These consist of alginate and chitosan. The effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) involvement in the multicomponent polymeric scaffold was also investigated. The scaffold was loaded with HA/CHA, as bone graft materials, at various compositions. Asian moon scallop shell (Amusium pleuronectes) was used as a calcium biogenic resource for HA and CHA synthesis The effect of the PVA and HA/CHA concentration was investigated. In the absence of the PVA, the morphological study showed that the samples had porous structures with good pore interconnectivity. The XRD analysis showed that PVA reduced the crystallinity of the bone graft. The HA/CHA crystals were homogeneously dispersed. The introduction of PVA reduced the pore size and the porosity but provide stiffer materials, indicating that PVA may improve the mechanical properties of the composite. Some samples also showed the presence of small and large pores. The weight percentage content of HA or CHA influenced the crystallinity, indicating the possibility for the fabrication of tailored bone substitute materials.

Matrix hydrophobicity hinders cell attachment in tissue engineered scaffolds. We proposed a facile seeding method to optimize cell presentation in nanofibrous mats formulated in a mixture of hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL), hydroxyapatite (HAp) mimicking bone surface roughness, and a ligand-supporting biopolymer. High-density osteoblast suspensions in serum-deficient media were seeded into composites arranged on a glass carrier sandwiched between cylindrical supports (seeding constructs) for 4 hours initial seeding and subsequently statically cultured in a complete medium for 7 days. Cell behavior and growth were analyzed by viability assays, LIVE/DEAD fluorescence labeled imaging, and electron microscopy. The zeta potential and contact angle of PCL-HAp nanofibers were altered by the addition of biopolymers, which directed cell attachment and proliferation. Modified seeding proved the benefit of collagen reinforcement to mediate cell-matrix interactions, which was demonstrated by enhancing cell spread with nearly twofold substantial growth during culture. The addition of gelatin showed a lower level of increased cell adhesion than collagen. Interestingly, clusters of spheroid cells were found in the chitosan composite with high cell adhesion on the first day, but the cells did not grow further until the end of the culture. In contrast, poor cell adhesion and inconsistent growth were found after conventional seeding and thus emphasized the potential role of modified seeding in supporting matrix performance as a cell carrier.