A non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain WPCB133T, was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo wetland (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The strain contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C content was 47 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WPCB133T forms an independent lineage within the genus Mucilaginibacter. Strain WPCB133T was distantly related to Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis SCKT (94.7 % sequence similarity), Mucilaginibacter paludis TPT56T (94.5 %) and Mucilaginibacter gracilis TPT18T (94.4 %). Phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain WPCB133T from members of the genus Mucilaginibacter. On the basis of evidence presented in this study, strain WPCB133T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter rigui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WPCB133T (=KCTC 12534T =NBRC 101115T). An emended description of the genus Mucilaginibacter is also proposed.

Two non-motile, orange-or yellow-pigmented bacteria, designated strains KYW48T and KYW147 T , were isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Cells of both strains were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic and catalase-and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids of strain KYW48T were C 18 : 1 v7c (35.3 %), summed feature 3 (iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/

A non-motile, rod-shaped and aerobic marine bacterium, designated strain KYW314 T , was isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gramnegative, catalase-and oxidase-positive and had proteolytic activity. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 (17.2 %), C 16 : 0 (11.1 %), iso-C 17 : 0 (10.5 %) and C 18 : 1 v7c (10.0 %). The DNA G+C content was 56.4 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KYW314 T formed a lineage within the genus Pseudidiomarina (95.4-97.3 % sequence similarity) and a distinct branch within the clade containing Pseudidiomarina taiwanensis PIT1 T and Pseudidiomarina sediminum c121 T . Phenotypic characteristics could distinguish strain KYW314 T from members of the genus Pseudidiomarina. On the basis of the data presented, strain KYW314 T represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudidiomarina aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW314 T (5KCTC 22740 T 5JCM 16344 T ).A study of Alteromonas-like bacteria by Ivanova et al. (2004) resulted in the proposal of the family Idiomarinaceae, on the basis of phylogeny and signature nucleotide positions in the 16S rRNA gene. Members of the family Idiomarinaceae are unique among Alteromonas-like bacteria in possessing a high content of iso-branched fatty acids (Ivanova et al., 2004). The family Idiomarinaceae comprises two recognized genera: Idiomarina (Ivanova et al., 2000) as the type genus and Pseudidiomarina (Jean et al., 2006). Several species of the genus Pseudidiomarina are non-motile, while all species of the genus Idiomarina are motile by means of flagella.At the time of writing, the genus Pseudidiomarina comprises eight species, with Pseudidiomarina taiwanensis as the type species (Jean et al., 2006(Jean et al., , 2009Hu & Li, 2007;Wu et al., 2009). Members of the genus Pseudidiomarina have been isolated from saline habitats with a wide range of salinities such as coastal and oceanic waters, seashore sands, coastal sediment and solar salterns (Jean et al., 2006(Jean et al., , 2009Kwon et al., 2006;Yoon et al., 2007;Hu & Li, 2007;Wu et al., 2009). During a survey of the diversity of heterotrophic marine bacteria, a bacterial strain, KYW314 T , was recovered from seawater samples collected from the shallow coastal region of Gwangyang Bay in the south of the Republic of Korea (34 u 519 N 128 u 479 E) in July 2008. Strain KYW314 T was isolated from seawater using the standard dilution-plating technique. Isolation was achieved using marine agar 2216 (MA; BD) (Yang et al., 2006) at 30 u C for 7 days. The isolate was routinely cultured on MA and maintained at -80 u C as a suspension in marine broth (MB; BD) containing glycerol (20 %, w/v).DNA preparation and PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were carried out as described by Chun & Goodfellow (1995). Identification of phylogenetic neighbours and calculation of pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were achieved using the EzTaxon server (http:// www.eztaxon.org/; Chun et al., 2007). ...

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, Gram-reaction-variable bacterial strain, designated WPCB173 T , was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo wetland, Republic of Korea. Based on its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic position inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as being a member of the genus Paenibacillus. Major polar lipids present in strain WPCB173T included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified phospholipids. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was mesodiaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C 15 : 0 (65.2 %). The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WPCB173 T clustered with species of the genus Paenibacillus, its closest neighbours being Paenibacillus chinjuensis WN9 T (96.7 %) andPaenibacillus soli DCY03 T (96.4 %). DNA-DNA hybridization of strain WPCB173 T with P. soli DCY03 T and P. chinjuensis WN9 T showed relatedness values of only 10 and 19 %, respectively.On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain WPCB173 T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rigui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is WPCB173 T (5KCTC 13282 T 5JCM 16352 T ).The genus Paenibacillus was proposed by Ash et al. (1993) to accommodate the members of 'group 3' within the genus Bacillus. Since then, the transfer of species of the genus Bacillus to this genus and descriptions of novel species have, to date, resulted in 120 species with validly published names being assigned the genus Paenibacillus (http://www. bacterio.cict.fr/p/paenibacillus.html). Members of the genus Paenibacillus share the general characteristics of the genus Bacillus of being aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped. Members of both genera have physiologically diverse characteristics and some species are known to secrete a variety of extracellular enzymes, such as polysaccharide-hydrolysing enzymes, or to produce polysaccharides (Claus & Berkeley, 1986;Priest, 1977;Chung et al., 2000; Seo et al., 1999). Species of the genus Paenibacillus have been isolated from a wide range of sources including soil, water, plant rhizospheres, plant materials, food, fodder, faeces and diseased insect larvae (Alexander & Priest, 1989;Kanzawa et al., 1995;Montefusco et al., 1993;Nakamura, 1984Nakamura, , 1987Seldin et al., 1984;Shida et al., 1997;Yoon et al., 1998).The Woopo wetland (35 u 339 N, 128 u 259 E), located to the east of the Nakdong river, Republic of Korea, was created about 140 million years ago, is surrounded by low-level mountains and has a levee that was built to protect agricultural areas. The wetland types are classified as 'O', permanent freshwater lakes over 8 ha, including large oxbow lakes; and 'Tp', permanent freshwater marshes, pools or ponds below 8 ha, marshes and swamps on inorganic soils with emergent vegetation and that ar...

A Gram-stain-positive, ovoid to short rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain DY66T , was isolated from tidal-flat sediment collected from Deukryang Bay (Republic of Korea), and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain DY66 T grew optimally at 30 6C and pH 8-9 and in 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The peptidoglycan type was A4a, L-Lys-L-Ala-D-Glu, and tyvelose and glucose were the major cell-wall sugars. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10 and MK-9. Major cellular fatty acids (.10 % of total) were anteiso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 . The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminophospholipid and three unknown aminolipids. The DNA G+C content was 59.1 mol%. This chemotaxonomic profile supported the assignment of strain DY66 T to the genus Zhihengliuella. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences also indicated that strain DY66 T belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was related to the genus Zhihengliuella. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain DY66