Purple sweet potato has the content of anthocyanin compounds that are efficacious as antioxidants. To deliver these efficacious compounds, formulations of effervescent tablets are required as antioxidants with a combination of citric acid and tartrate acid to accelerate the solubility of the drug. The research aims to optimize the combination of citric acid and tartrate acid as a sourgent on effervescent tablets of purple sweet potato extract using the simplex lattice design method. The manufacture of tablets using a direct pumping method with effervescent powder evaluation includes flow rate test, silent angle, compressibility, and powder moisture. Evaluation of tablets includes organoleptic tests, uniformity of tablet weight, hardness, fragility, and soluble time of tablets—data analysis using simplex lattice design software design expert version 10. The results of effervescent powder evaluation include a test of flow rate, quiet angle, compressibility, and moisture of powder in each formula that already meets the requirements. The physical evaluation results on the effervescent tablet weight uniformity test on F3, F4, and F5 have met the requirements. The evaluation of tablet hardness F1 and F2 also meet the requirements. The results of the evaluation of fragility and time dissolve tablets have met the requirements of all formulas. The simplex lattice design analysis results obtained F5 as the most optimal formula with a concentration of citric acid 103.25 mg and tartrate acid 44.25 mg. The combination of citric acid and tartaric acid affects the evaluation of hardness, fragility, and time-soluble effervescent tablets of purple sweet potato extract. The optimal concentration based on simplex lattice design analysis was obtained in F5 with a citric acid concentration of 103.25 mg and tartrate acid of 44.25 mg.

Bundung plants (Actinuscirpus Grossus) are widely spread in Borneo and used by society empirically as antimicrobials. Nevertheless, the use of Bundung plants as traditional medicine has not been equipped with convincing data, because there is no research that is related to the plants. In order to the use of the plants accountable, it is necessary to conduct research about phytochemical screening studies and tests the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Bundung plants to staphylococcus aureusandEschericia Coli bacteria. Moreover, extraction does with maceration method. Secondary metabolite groups which are contained in the ethanol extract of Bundung plants were determined qualitatively using several of phytochemical reagents. The result of phytochemical screening test showed that ethanol extract of Bundung plants contains a group of secondary metabolites; namely flavonoid, tannin, saponin, phenolic, steroid and terpenoid. The method that was used to test antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureusandEschericia Coli bacteria was a liquid dilution method with variations in extract concentration of 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% by considering at the clarity of each sample. The result of antimicrobial activity of liquid dilution to bacteria had inhibition at all concentrations and the biggest inhibitory activity was shown at concentration 8% with the clearest level and the MIC grade of the test is at a concentration of 1%. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that ethanol extract of Bundung plants has the potential of activities of an antimicrobial, especially from secondary flavonoid metabolites.

Research of mouthwash formulation and evaluation of bundung plants extract (Actinoscirpus grossus) as an oral antiseptic also has been tested in Streptococcus mutants bacteria by variation in the concentration of extract 2%, 2,5%, 3% and 3,5%, which aims to determine the most ideal formula in physical quality and has the highest antibacterial activity based on an inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutants bacteria in mouthwash formula. The methods used include the step of extraction of Bundung plants, preparation of mouthwash with 4 formula F1 (2%), F2 (2,5%), F3 (3%) and F4 (3,5%) followed by an evaluation that includes organoleptic, pH test, viscosity test and the test of inhibition zone bacteria. The test of inhibition zone bacteria used MHA media with diffusion method. Stability performed on weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The result showed variation in the concentration of extract bundung plants in a mouthwash formula has and effect on the diameter of the inhibition zone. But did not have a significant effect on the physical stability properties of the mouthwash formula. Mouthwash formula which has the highest antibacterial activity based on inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutants that is 3,5% contained in formula IV.

The background of this research is to develop the potential of biological resources in South Kalimantan. In particular, the biological source is cempedak fruit. The use of cempedak which has been scientifically studied is the use of cempedak bark as anti-malaria. Other studies related to other parts of cempedak are still not widely used. Based on the potential possessed by cempedak bark, it is likely that other parts of cempedak also have potential as traditional medicine. This study aims to identify the content of secondary metabolites from the outer skin of cempedak fruit, analyze the potential of the outer skin of cempedak fruit as an antimicrobial and analyze the effective dose as an antimicrobial. The method used to see MIC values with liquid dilution and KBM values with solid dilution. The results of phytochemical identification showed that the ethanol extract of the outer skin of cempedak fruit contained secondary metabolites in the form of saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids which have antimicrobial potential. The results of the antimicrobial activity test showed the MIC value of the ethanol extract of cempedak fruit outer skin against Escherichia coli bacteria at a concentration of 50% and against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 25%. The KBM value also shows the same value as KHM. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cempedak fruit outer skin has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.

Covid-19 is a pandemic disease that infects the respiratory system by cough and sneeze. Covid 19 infection rate in Indonesia is high. On March 2nd 2020, there was reported 2 confirmed cases of Covid-19 infection. Natural ingredients contain a secondary metabolite compound has the potential as an antimicrobial that can be used to kill microorganism as a source of the disease. Natural ingredients that are commonly used as antimicrobials such as bundung, betel leaf and lime peel. Pharmaceutical formulations from natural ingredients need to be made to obtain preparations that are beneficial to the community because they are safer and have minimal side effects. Based on this description, it is necessary to conduct training on the manufacture of pharmaceutical products from natural ingredients or local resources that are easy to make so it can be useful and beneficial for the community during the Covid-19 pandemic. The activities were carried out virtually, followed by the teacher council and students from High School 1 Kahayan Hilir. The activities carried out by providing information related to the efficacy of natural ingredients from local resources, training or workshops on the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and education regarding storing and how to use drugs correctly. This activity is expected to be useful and make a big contribution to the community during the Covid-19 pandemic.