Resumo: O artigo levanta algumas possibilidades de uso da abordagem cognitiva de análise de políticas públicas para a compreensão da constituição da educação básica do campo como referencial que integra, na atualidade, a política educacional brasileira. No que diz respeito à política educacional, são destacados marcos da educação básica do campo, em substituição à educação para a população do meio rural. São apresentados conceitos e elementos metodológicos da abordagem cognitiva, a qual se caracteriza pela ênfase no papel que as ideias, os conhecimentos e as representações dos atores desempenham na construção das policies. Dentre várias possibilidades, a compreensão da educação básica do campo como significação que reúne conteúdos normativos e cognitivos é o contributo sublinhado. Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas de educação. Política de educação básica do campo. Abordagem cognitiva das políticas públicas.Abstract: This article finds some possibilities for the cognitive approach on the public policy analysis for understanding the formation of basic rural education as a reference that integrates the Brazilian educational policy. In the educational policy, some steps are highlighted for the basic rural education, as substitutite for the rural education. The essay present concepts and methodological aspects of the cognitive approach, which emphatizes the role that ideas, knowledge, and representations of the local actors play in the policies construction. Among several possibilities, the compreension of the basic rural education as a meaning that links normative and cognitive content is the main contribution.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-795X.2016v34n3p880Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre dois estudos de caso com estudantes trabalhadores: um com trabalhadores em engenho de cana de açúcar, no Nordeste do país; outro, com fumicultores gaúchos. Ambos abordam a relação entre formação de trabalhadores, saberes do trabalho e desenvolvimento local. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de autofotografias, no primeiro estudo, e de autobiografias, no segundo. Dentre as referências teóricas, tomam-se as teses de Schwartz e de Charlot, sobre saberes; e as de Francisco de Oliveira e Milton Santos, sobre desenvolvimento local. Os achados permitem reiterar que a escola só consegue revestir-se de sentido ao levar em conta o patrimônio cultural desses sujeitos.
The text presents, through statistical data, a reflection on the situation of basic schooling of the population residing in the countryside, vis-à-vis the population residing in the urban area, in order to understand advances and permanence of the conditions of the educational offer and its effects in the distance and in the approximation of the guarantee of social justice and the right to schooling. The methodological process involved content analysis and the construction of quantitative data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP) and the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA). For the study, these categories were selected: number of countryside schools, years of study and schooling access by location (rural/urban). The data express an inequality situation in the schooling indicators of rural areas and the Brazilian North and Northeast regions. Despite the advances, the inequalities in the Brazilian educational system are significant and strongly evidenced in the contrast between rural and urban areas. The persistence of unfavorable situations increases the inequality condition of the rural population.
The paper examines the construction of Programa Nacional de Educação do Campo [National Program of Rural Education] (Pronacampo) between 2011 and 2014. It analyzes the institutionalized ideas that originated Pronacampo, the actors and the interests involved, based on the cognitive approach of public policies analysis, with a greater approximation with Bruno Jobert and Ève Fouilleux’s perspective. It covers both the forum of ideas production, where the actors construct their ideas according to interests, institutions and power relations, and the forum of public policy communities, a space for organization and institutionalization of ideas. The study evidences that Pronacampo has differentiated references that reflect representations of distinct actors. Therefore, Pronacampo expresses a hybrid policy reference when aggregating opposite interests.
O artigo trata da educação profissional do campo no âmbito do Pronacampo no período 2011 a 2014. Tendo por base a abordagem cognitiva de análise de políticas públicas são analisadas as ideias institucionalizadas, os atores e os interesses que compõem o Pronatec Campo. O estudo evidencia uma disputa no âmbito do programa nacional de educação do campo apresenta referenciais de desenvolvimento rural no inteiramente antagônicos com atores distintos e interesses opostos tocante a educação profissional.
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