BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP) have a high risk of recurrence and patients often experience repeated surgery. There are several types of inflammatory patterns in CRSwNP, such as Th2 inflammation (eosinophilic) and Th1/Th17 inflammation (neutrophilic). AIM: This study aims to determine the expression of IL-5, IL-8, IL-17A and TGF-β in recurrent CRSwNP using the most convenient and non-invasive examination tool such as brushing the mucosal polyp and find out its correlation with polyp tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out on 15 samples of mucosal brushing and polyp tissue. Expressions of IL-5, IL-8, IL-17A and TGF-β on mucosa were measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) examination and tissues using Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination. RESULT: The result showed that Only IL-5 has a significant relationship between mucosa and tissue with moderate positive correlation (p < 0.05; r = 0.527). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that mucosa brushing could be used as a simple and non-invasive examination to observe the expression of IL-5 in recurrent CRSwNP. IL-5 is one of the cytokines that mark the Th2 (eosinophilic) inflammatory pattern where eosinophilic polyps are closely related to recurrence.
BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains a challenging clinical entity with its propensity for recurrence. This disease decreases the patients’ quality of life and creates a high economic burden. An effort to investigate the aetiology of recurrent polyps have to be more alert. AIM: This study aims to prove the differences in expression of IL-5, IL-8, IL-17A and TGF-β1 in mucosal and polyp tissue between CRSwNP and recurrent CRSwNP and also to determine which expression of cytokines that have the main role in mucosal and polyp tissue in recurrent CRSwNP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted with a comparative cross-sectional design of CRS patients with 15 recurrent CRSwNP and CRSwNP who had never undergone surgery for as many as 15 polyps. Mucosal specimens of nasal polyps are taken by brushing, and polyp tissue specimens are taken during surgical removal of nasal polyps. Specimens from the polyp mucosa were examined by ELISA while the polyp tissue specimens were carried out immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: The result showed that there is a significant difference in IL-5 expression in the polyp mucosal between CRSwNP with recurrent CRSwNP, where expression is higher in recurrent CRSwNP. The expression of IL-8, IL-17 and TGF-β1 were lower in recurrent CRSwNP, but the difference was not significant. In nasal polyp tissue, there is a significant difference in TGF-β1 and IL-8 expression between CRSwNP and recurrent CRSwNP, where the expression of both cytokines is lower in recurrent CRSwNP. Interleukin-5 expression was higher in recurrent CRSwNP than CRSwNP, but the difference was not significant. In the polyps mucosal, IL-5 has the main role in recurrent CRSwNP polyp, whereas TGF-β has the main role in polyp tissue. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the expression of IL-5 in the mucosa could be examined with simple techniques like brushing before polypectomy or FESS was performed to determine the possibility of polyps recurrencies.
Pendahuluan: Fraktur pada sepertiga tengah wajah (midface) memerlukan pemeriksaan yang teliti dan penatalaksanaan yang tepat. Fraktur palatoalveolar jarang terjadi dan dapat terjadi bersamaan dengan fraktur lain pada trauma wajah. Pada beberapa dekade terakhir, berbagai modalitas penatalaksanaan fraktur sepertiga tengah wajah telah dicoba. Penatalaksanaan fraktur sepertiga tengah wajah dengan menggunakan fiksasi dengan miniplate dan screw mengungguli teknik-teknik terdahulu. Laporan Kasus: Dilaporkan satu kasus fraktur Le fort I-II dan fraktur palatoalveolar sederhana pada seorang laki-laki umur 19 tahun. Telah dilakukan Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) dengan miniplate dan screw serta pemasangan wire. Simpulan: ORIF dengan miniplate dan screw telah menjadi pilihan pada fraktur maksilofasial karena lebih stabil dalam hal fungsi dan fiksasi tulang yang lebih baik. Berdasarkan indikasi, fiksasi intermaksila, palatum splint, dan wire dapat digunakan secara tersendiri atau kombinasi untuk penatalaksanaan fraktur palatoalveolar.
Kasus Covid-19 yang merebak di Indonesia mengharuskan dilakukannya upaya dari berbagai pihak untuk mengatasinya. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas turut berupaya melakukan upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian Covid-19. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meminimalisir kemungkinan penyebaran pesat Covid-19 dan usaha preventif untuk menjaga agar masyarakat sekitar Pauh, Kuranji serta Air Dingin tetap sehat dan terhindar dari Covid-19. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di tiga puskesmas yaitu: Puskesmas Pauh, Puskesmas Kuranji dan Puskesmas Air Dingin Kota Padang. Metode yang digunakan adalah KIE (Komunikasi Informasi Edukasi) seputar penyakit Covid-19 berupa publikasi artikel pada media masa dan pemberian masker. Sasaran kegiatan adalah masyarakat sekitar Pauh, Kuranji serta Air Dingin Kota Padang. Hasil kegiatan yang diperoleh yaitu telah memproduksi APD (Alat Pelindung Diri) sebanyak 80 faceshield, 400 masker serta 60 hazmat suit dengan melibatkan UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah) dan konveksi. Selanjutnya APD ini disebarluaskan kepada puskesmas yang membutuhkan, yaitu Puskesmas Pauh, Puskesmas Kuranji dan Puskesmas Air Dingin Kota Padang. Selanjutnya didistribusikan kepada pihak-pihak yang membutuhkan, yaitu masyarakat dan tenaga medis. Program pencegahan dan pengendalian Covid-19 dilakukan untuk menekan dan mengurangi angka positif Covid-19 serta melindungi tenaga medis agar dapat memberikan pelayanan maksimal kepada pasien. Selanjutnya pembuatan APD yang melibatkan UMKM dan konveksi dapat membantu perekonomian masyarakat yang merosot akibat pandemi ini.
Latar belakang: Rinosinusitis kronis (RSK) adalah penyakit inflamasi mukosa hidung dan sinus paranasal yang berlangsung lebih dari 12 minggu. Berbagai kondisi telah dikaitkan dengan patogenesis penyakit ini, seperti infeksi bakteri, jamur, superantigen, dan biofilm. Banyak penelitian telah menunjukkan terdapatnya biofilm bakteri pada pasien dengan RSK. Biofilm bakteri dapat memfasilitasi terjadinya resistensi pada antibiotik. CT Scan sinus paranasal (SPN) merupakan pemeriksaan penunjang pilihan untuk diagnosis radiologik RSK. Lund dan Mackay telah mengembangkan suatu sistem berdasarkan skor dari CT Scan SPN untuk menilai kuantifikasi proses peradangan pada sinus paranasal. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasien dengan biofilm bakteri memiliki skor Lund-Mackay CT Scan SPN yang lebih tinggi pada saat pra operatif. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran biofilm bakteri terhadap derajat keparahan RSK berdasarkan skor Lund-Mackay. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross-sectional dengan jumlah total sampel adalah 48 orang pasien RSK. Sekret hidung diambil menggunakan kapas lidi steril dengan swab pada meatus medius lalu dilakukan identifikasi bakteri dan pemeriksaan biofilm dengan tube method. Skor Lund-Mackay dihitung dari CT Scan SPN potongan koronal. Data dianalisis dengan uji Fisher. Hasil: Proporsi pasien RSK dengan skor Lund-Mackay yang tinggi lebih banyak pada pasien dengan biofilm (46,2%), dibandingkan tanpa biofilm (44,4%). Secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada skor Lund-Mackay antara pasien dengan biofilm dan tanpa biofilm (p=1,000). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara biofilm bakteri dengan derajat keparahan RSK berdasarkan skor Lund-Mackay. Kata Kunci: Rinosinusitis kronis, biofilm bakteri, tube method, skor Lund-Mackay ABSTRACT Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses with the symptoms duration more than 12 weeks. Many conditions have been linked to its pathogenesis such as bacterial and fungal infection, superantigens and biofilm. Many studies showed the presence of bacterial biofilms in patients with CRS. Bacterial biofilms can facilitate the resistance to antibiotics. Paranasal sinuses (PNS) CT scan is the method of choice for radiological diagnosis of CRS. Lund and Mackay has developed a scoring system based on the CT finding to assess the quantification of inflammatory process in PNS. Some research suggested that patients with bacterial biofilms have higher Lund-Mackay score pre-operatively. Purpose: To determine the role of bacterial biofilms to the severity of CRS according to Lund-Mackay score. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 48 CRS patient’s sample. Nasal discharges were taken by swab in middle meatal using sterile cotton buds, followed by identification of bacteria and detection of bacterial biofilms using tube method. Lund-Mackay score was counted from coronal section of PNS CT Scan. Data was analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. Results: Proportion of patients CRS with high Lund-Mackay score was more common in patient with biofilm (46.2%) compared to patients without biofilm (44.4%). Statistically, there was no significant difference of Lund-Mackay score between patient with biofilm and without biofilm (p=1.00). Conclusion: There was no relationship between the bacterial biofilm with the severity of CRS according to Lund-Mackay score. Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis, bacterial biofilm, tube method, Lund-Mackay scores
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