Fishery resources in Mandah Subdistrict, Indragiri Hilir Regency in Riau Province, has considerable potential and are important resources for the community. However, the utilization of these fishery resources is sometimes carried out in ways that violate the provisions, both positive legal provisions and provisions in customary law that live in the Mandah community. For this reason, it is necessary to examine the role of traditional leaders in conserving fishery resources in Mandah District. The research method used is sociological legal research, with the main data source being primary legal materials, namely binding legal materials, both written and unwritten. The result of the research is that traditional leaders have an important role in conserving fishery resources. They act as institutions that disseminate customary provisions, receive reports on violations of the law that occur and become mediator or judges for violations of the law, especially in the field of fishery resources. Traditional leaders in Mandah play an important role in preserving fishery resources due to the geographical location of Mandah Subdistrict which is quite far from the Regency Capital, causing the government apparatus and legal apparatus on duty in Mandah to be limited in number. In addition, through sanctions against perpetrators of violations, traditional leaders contribute to the protection of fishery resources in Mandah District.

Investment is any form of investment activity, both by domestic investors and foreign investors to do business in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. Riau Province has issued Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2018 concerning Investment in Riau Province (PMPR). But there are weaknesses and disharmony with the higher regulation, the 2007 Investment Act. The research method used is normative legal research. The regulation in the PMPR regulation is still unclear, especially if there is an obligation to resolve disputes that occur between the government and foreign investors through national arbitration. Whereas in accordance with the 2007 Investment Act, dispute resolution between the government and foreign investors is carried out through international arbitration institutions based on the agreement of the parties.

Law Number 1 of 2011 in Article 98 paragraph (3) concerning Housing and Settlements, it is explained that the regional government has the authority to conduct arrangements and determine the location of slum housings and urban slums. This is what underlies the Regional Government of Siak Regency to have a role in identifying various local wisdoms in its region. The existence of the local wisdom of the indigenous people of Siak can be viewed from the legal aspect of structuring the location of housing and slums as mandated by legislation and implemented in the Letter Regent Decree Number 523/HK/KPTS/2014 concerning Determination of Slum and Slum Housing Locations in Siak Regency and Regent Decree Number 302/HK/KPTS/2017 concerning Slum and Slum Residential Housing Locations in Siak Regency. The result is the existence of the local wisdom of Indigenous people of Kampung Buatan II, Koto Ghasib Subdistrict did not work optimally, because it had not maximized the role of the Riau Malay Customary Institution in Siak Regency. However, the noble values of local wisdom in Malay indigenous communities in structuring the location of housing and slums are known from their ancestors expressed in a proverb or customary expression in preserving nature around us to create a clean, healthy life by understanding the meaning of development, understanding the ins and outs of religion and culture and the social norms of the people, so that development is truly beneficial for all levels of society.

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Riau is one of the provinces in Indonesia that borders directly with several ASEAN countries. Apart from that, Riau has abundant natural resources that give benefits for improving the welfare of the people of Riau. Almost all districts have the potential to find natural resources, such as coal, granite, kaolin, etcetera, as well as plantation products such as oil palm, rubber and cocoa, and various other investment potentials. After going through a long process, the implementation of the AEC (ASEAN Economic Community) is a must and Indonesia must be prepared to face existing challenges, especially in investment negotiations. The research method used is legal, sociological research, and by using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The Riau Provincial Government has issued regional regulations aimed at encouraging investment in Riau. However, government regulations regarding other investments must be harmonious with the provisions of the AEC while taking into account national regulations and the interests and potential of the Riau Province.