The Chorote Indians are hunter-gatherers and fishermen from north-west Argentina and south-west Paraguay who belong to the Mataco-Maká linguistic family. Their edible plants are identified by botanical and vernacular names, the parts employed and modes of preparation and consumption. The Chorote people use 57 plant species as a source of food, which they consume in 118 different ways. Five new edible species, that yield seven plant foods, are reported here for the first time for Chaquenian ethnic groups. However, only a few wild plant foods are in frequent use today, with most being used occasionally, infrequently or not at all. A cross-cultural comparison with four neighbouring ethnic groups reveals that one third of their plant foods are exclusive to the Chorote people, despite the fact that they share most of their edible plants with the other groups. This article is the first contribution to an understanding of the Chorote's ethnobotany and to a comparison of interethnic relationships concerning their edible plant resources.
<p>Se identifican las plantas empleadas para el tratamiento de los trastornos del aparato reproductor mencionadas en la “Materia Médica Misionera” (M.M.M.) atribuida al jesuita Pedro de Montenegro fechada en 1710. Se describen sus indicaciones terapéuticas en su contexto médico histórico de referencia y se discuten las relaciones de estos resultados con la etnobotánica médica folk actual de la zona de las “misiones”. Las identidades de las plantas se estimaron sobre la base de las descripciones textuales y representaciones gráficas extraídas de la fuente de datos, así como de las correspondencias botánicas de los nombres vulgares obtenidas a partir de una búsqueda exhaustiva de las mismas en 59 obras. Un total de 57 taxa empleados contra trastornos del aparato reproductor pudo ser identificado botánicamente, los cuales refieren a 102 datos etnobotánicos propiamente dichos. Aunque se evidencian pocas plantas (42,1%) y usos medicinales (5,8%) que son también compartidos entre la M.M.M. y los referidos en obras actuales, esto indicaría cierto grado de continuidad respecto a la farmacopea utilizada y a criterios etiológico-terapéuticos propios de la etnobotánica médica criolla del Paraguay.</p>
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