Leishmaniasis continues to be a significant public health issue and socioeconomic obstacle in Iraq. The various species of leishmania are transmitted by the bite of sandflies belonging to genus phlebtomus, where high temperatures might prolong the breeding season for this fly species. The current review proved that the infection in the southern regions of Iraq is more than in the northern regions. The incidence of leishmaniasis has increased and expanded to most Iraqi governorates, the reason may be due to the population growth, urbanization, pronounced poverty and lack of public health awareness. Furthermore, leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease with a rodent, cats and dog's reservoir that poses a problem to human health. Leishmaniasis has spread in Iraq from the 1950s until now, additionally, wars forced migration of Iraqi people from their province to other places. All these have encouraged an increase in the infected rate with leishmaniasis in areas previously uninfected.

Long time exposure to cement industry pollution leads to several health problems. This study was designed to investigate the effects on 55 workers which were divided into groups according to the departments of Hamam AL-Alil Cement Factory-Iraq. The biochemical parameters included in the study are: calcium, zinc, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutathione and malonaldehyde.The results showed that there was a significant increase in calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and malonaldehyde in workers serum which increased with increasing exposure time. The results also showed a significant decrease in glutathione and zinc in workers serum which increased with increasing exposure time in all factory department.

In this research, three pyrrolidine compounds (P1-P3) were synthesized and then tested for efficacy against L. infantum promastigotes in vitro. The study included preparation of some chalcones and schiff bases then the condensation of both to get the pyrrolidines and studying the effect of pyrrolidine compounds in growth, generation number and time of parasites. They determined using concentrations between (5-30) μg/ml. The effect of the compounds was found to be important to the parasite growth as the more the concentration the less the growth, generation number and increased the generation time. At the logarithmic phase, the LD50 were (10), (20) and (30)μg/ml for (P1-P3) compounds, respectively.

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Background, Oxytocin it is a neuro-protein hormone, which is responsible for many process and behaviour in the body, study indicates that this hormone considered anti diabetic and anti-obesity, and play vital role in regulation of blood sugar, insulin secretion and metabolism of carbohydrate. The activation of Oxytocin hormone correlated with receptor of oxytocin in the brain.This research aims to discover the association of OXTR (rs53576) gene polymorphismwith risk factor of DMT2.Methods, This study include 28 patients with DMT2 with 20 persons as control groups. The blood collected from each subject and divided in two types, one for seru m that used to determine some biochemical test and another EDTA tube for DNA extraction the used for molecular test. And measured the R.B.S , Ure a, Creatinine and Uric acid by Reflatrone technique, and the DNA extraction then the concentration and purity measured by Biodrop technique, and the determination polymorphism of OXTR gene (rs53576) done by ARMS-PCR technique.Results, The result showed the distribution of allele and genotype for OXTR gene polymorphism in location rs53576 (C→T) different significantly between patients and control group, and also present all genotype for OXTR gene polymorphism in patients group, And the mutant allele frequency is high in patients comparing with healthy persons, On another side the every genotype and allele frequency for OXTR gene polymorphism different between patient and healthy people. Conclusion:However, this study showed the mutant genotype TT and mutant allele T of OXTR gene in position rs53576 have significant difference between groups stud y.