Background: Psychological distress of parents with preterm infant also could be treated appropriately by enhancing parent’s involvement in infant care, including skin-to-skin contact. A few of studies related to skin-to-skin contact have revealed can benefit from infant and parental outcomes. The previous review only explored the distress among parents with healthy infant. The effect skin-to-skin contact among parents with preterm infant is necessary to be investigated. Objective: This article provided a review related to effect of skin-to-skin contact toward parent stress during preterm infant’s hospitalization in NICU. Methods.A literature review was performed by searching of trials using PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and CINAHL and published in English from 2012 to 2022, English-published, full text availability related to skin-to-skin contact, or Kangaroo Mother Care, preterm infants and parental distress (mother and/or father) in NICU. Result: This study involved six trials and 489 parents with preterm infant. Fours studies explored maternal stress and the others assessed parental stress during NICU admission. Five trials reported parental stress deflation after skin-to-skin contact with their infants, otherwise one trial revealed that skin-to-skin contact escalated parental stress due to a more facilitated infant progression. Conclusion: Skin-to-skin contact benefits parents with preterm infants by decreasing the psychological distress during NICU admission.

Introduction. Hypothermia is low-body temperature (less than 36,5°C) that can caused morbidity and mortality in premature newborn and or low-birth weight newborn. Plastic has often been used to prevent the heat loss in newborn.The aim of study was to measure the effectiveness of plastic bag wrap to prevent hypothermia in preterm and low-birth weight infant. Method. The study design was quasy expertment non randomized pretest-posttest with control group. In intervention group, there were five premature and or low-birth weight newborns that were being wrapped with special design plastic bag from neck to toe after been given neonatal standard care protocol. While, in control group, there were six newborns with the same baseline criteria as intervention group without plastic bag wrap. The measurement of body temperature used digital thermometer on babies’ axilla before and after one-hour intervention. Data analysis used t test. Result. The result showed there was almost significant difference in body temperature in newborn before and after intervention (pvalue 0.056). Discussion. Plastic bag wrap is effective to prevent hypothermia in premature and or low-birth weight newborn as much as 60% with body temperatur changes +0.4°C. Keywords: Plastic Bag Wrap, Hypothermia, Preterm, Low-Birth weight

Usia prasekolah merupakan kelompok rentan terserang penyakit menular karena kebiasaannya memegang sesuatu benda, mengusap ingus dengan tangan. Salah satu penyakit yang menular adalah COVID-19 yang telah menjadi pandemic pada tahun 2020-2022. Salah satu tindakan pencegahan penularan penyakit tersebut adalah melalui cuci tangan. Pada usia prasekolah mempunyai tugas perkembangan meningkatkan keterampilan motorik halus dan motorik kasar. Keterampilan ini bisa dilatih menggunakan cara menyusun puzzle dan mewarnai. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan anak-anak dalam melakukan cuci tangan yang benar. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, menyusun puzzle, mewarnai, praktik cuci tangan bersama dan diskusi dengan cara bercerita pengalaman kegiatan yang dilakukan. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah anak-anak mampu mengikuti kegiatan dari awal sampai akhir walaupun ada beberapa anak ketika menyusun puzzle masih melihat teman disampingnya. Anak-anak bisa mewarnai, praktik cuci tangan bersama dengan baik dan aktif dalam bercerita ketika menemukan kesulitan-kesulitan pada proses kegiatan. Kesimpulan dalam kegiatan ini adalah sebagian anak-anak usia prasekolah mampu melakukan cuci tangan dengan baik dengan panduan gambar yang diwarnainya. Saran untuk kegiatan selanjutnya adalah kegiatan ini dikemas dengan bentuk perlombaan sehingga mereka mempunyai kemauan untuk bersaing tanpa mencontek dalam pekerjaan mereka.

The transmission of COVID-19 infection is rapidly spreading in Indonesia, All people are at risk of COVID-19 infection, especially health workers. Factors that may increase the risk of COVID-19 transmission necessitate being explored more. This study aims to find out what factors are associated with the incidence of COVID-19 infection in COVID-19 survivors at Kariadi Hospital Semarang. This study has used a retrospective observational design, with a quantitative analysis conducted involving 80 COVID-19 survivors (health workers = 63 respondents, non-health workers = 17 respondents). Respondents' characteristics questionnaire, exposure questionnaires and knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaires were filled out by respondents through google form and then were analyzed by chi-square test. Most of the COVID-19 survivors in this study were male (52.5%), had a bachelor's degree (50%), married (77.5%), had no comorbidities (73.5%), had a high level of knowledge (90%), appropriate attitude (90%), and good preventive practice (95%), and the most common symptom of COVID-19 experienced was fever (15, 95%). The incidence of COVID-19 infection was significantly more in health worker survivors which were male (p = 0.032), as civil servants (ASN) (p = 0.00), had undergraduate education level (p = 0.00) and hospitalized during COVID-19 infection (p = 0.002). Factors related to the incidence of COVID-19 infection in this study were gender, occupation, education level, and hospitalisation place. Adequate screening and mitigation of COVID-19 risk groups are urgently needed.

Latar belakang: Standar prosedur penanganan pada pasien paska bedah di RSUP Dr Kariadi belum cukup efektif untuk mengurangi nyeri tenggorok paska operasi dengan pamasangan endotrakeal tube pada General Anesthesia (GA). Penggunaan tablet hisap terbukti mampu menurunkan nyeri tenggorok, akan tetapi bukti penelitian masih terbatas. Penelitian ini untuk menguji keefektivitasan pemberian tablet hisap dan relaksasi napas dalam untuk mengurangi derajat nyeri tenggorok paska operasi. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain quasi experimental pre-posttest pada 11 Juli – 30 Oktober 2019. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 60 pasien paska operasi dengan general anesthesia yang dikelompokan menjadi 30 kelompok intervensi dan 30 kelompok kontrol. Nyeri tenggorok paska operasi diukur dengan menggunakan Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pada 6 jam paska operasi dan dievaluasi tiap 12 jam selama 48 jam. Hasil: Perbedaan rerata skor VAS antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi secara signifikan terjadi pada penilaian nyeri 36 jam paska operasi (t = -3,70, p = 0,002) dan 48 jam paska operasi ( t = -4,28, p = 0,000). Skor VAS pada kelompok intervensi lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingan dengan skor VAS pada kelompok kontrol. Simpulan: Pemberian tablet hisap dan relaksasi napas dalam secara signifikan menurunkan tingkat nyeri tenggorak paska operasi. Pemberian tablet hisap dapat dijadikan sebagai intervensi alternatif untuk penangangan pasien dengan komplikasi nyeri tenggorok paska operasi. Key words: Nyeri tenggorok, Endotracheal Tube, Tablet hisap, Relaksasi napas dalam, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)   Background: The standard procedures of post operative patients at RSUP Dr Kariadi Semarang was ineffective to reduce post operative sore throat with Endotracheal Tube insertion in General Anesthesia. Lozenges was proven may reduce sore throat while the evidences were still limited. Methods: The research design was quasi experimental pre-post test on 11 july - 30 october 2019. The study subjects were 60 post operative patients with General Anesthesia grouped into 30 intervention grups and 30 control groups. Post operative sore throat was measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 6 hours after surgery then evaluated every 12 hours for 48 hours. Results: Mean difference VAS score between intervention group and control group significantly in the assessment of pain 36 hours (t = -3,70, p = 0,002) and 48 hours ( t = -4,28, p = 0,000) post operatively. VAS score in intervention group was significantly lower than VAS score in control group. Conclusion: Lozenges and deep breath relaxation reduce significantly post operative sore throat. Lozenges could be used as an alternative intervention to treat patients with post operative sore throat. Keywords: Sore Throat, Endotracheal Tube, Lozenges, Deep Breath Relaxation, Visual Analogue Scale.