The paper presents the results of a preliminary study on the structural analysis of the hip joint, taking into account changes in the mechanical properties of the articular cartilage of the joint. Studies have been made due to the need to determine the tension distribution occurring in the cartilage of the human hip. These distribution are the starting point for designing custom made human hip prosthesis. Basic anatomy, biomechanical analysis of the hip joint and articular cartilage are introduced. The mechanical analysis of the hip joint model is conducted. Final results of analysis are presented. Main conclusions of the study are: the capability of absorbing loads by articular cartilage of the hip joint is preliminary determined as decreasing with increasing degenerations of the cartilage and with age of a patient. Without further information on changes of cartilage's mechanical parameters in time it is hard to determine the nature of relation between mentioned capability and these parameters.
The study determines the most suitable pattern of alignment and fixing of low-rigidity shafts; it also presents factors that determine such choice. The part is fixed both by force closing and kinematic closing. A new method for machining low rigidity shafts is developed to control the elastic-deformable state of these shafts in a technological system and to produce parts with the required accuracy during turning. To implement this new developed method for low rigidity shafts, an apparatus is designed. The apparatus allows to increase the rigidity of shafts during machining by the application of axial tensile force to the workpiece. Rational prime costs of preparing technological alignment centers at the stage of production preparation are determined; knowing these costs, it is possible to select a suitable machining technology for low rigidity shafts, to produce a technology-oriented design, and to reduce the costs of machining these shafts.
Abstract. The shoulder joint is a crucial element of the upper limb and is necessary to maintain full mobility during daily activities. Similar as in the hip, it is an example of a ball and socket joint, enabling articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. By studying kinematics of upper limb s, it is possible to distinct several possible movements in the shoulder joint. Due to many painful diseases and medical conditions, it may be crucial to perform a pain reducing procedure, like shoulder joint replacement. In order to preserve the function of the joint, the endoprosthesis should be designed exclusively for the patient. To assess a scale of damage in the joint or its specific structure, the shoulder was scanned using the computed tomography procedure. Results of the scan were processed with the use of Materialise Mimics software, which converts standard 2D images into 3D CAD models. Necessary analysis and measurements were taken leading to the beginning of the designing process. The prosthesis was created using Solid Edge software, developed especially for the purpose of rapid prototyping. After determining the physical properties of structural materials, the Finite Elements Analysis of the model was conducted using SolidWorks Simulation software under various load conditions.
This paper presents the design process of human knee implant. The design has been used CT scans from the actual clinical trials. To make a 3D model from CT images Materialise Mimics software was used. On the basis of the resulting model, further work was carried out to obtain a STL model is necessary to carry out research numerical finite element method. This paper presents the results of numerical only one element of which is the medical polyethylene insert, which will act as a prosthetic meniscus.
Complex composite materials are used in many areas of dentistry. Initially, chemically hardened materials were also used, and in this group nanohybrid composites are highly valued. They are often used today, mainly for the direct reconstruction of damaged hard tooth tissue materials for rebuilding damaged tissues using indirect adhesive techniques. The research was conducted to determine the mechanical properties of materials with nanofillers. The article focuses on methods of important test methods for dental prosthetics: resilience, abrasion, wear test, impact strength, hardness, SEM, and chemical analysis. As part of this work, five different series of hybrid composites with nano-fillers were tested. The mechanical properties of composites, such as compressive strength, microhardness, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity, depend mainly on the type, particle size, and amount of filler introduced. The obtained test results showed that the type and amount of nanofiller have a significant influence on the mechanical and tribological properties. The introduction of nanofillers allowed us to obtain higher mechanical properties compared to classic materials discussed by other researchers. The study observed a change in vibrations in the IR spectrum, which allowed a comparison of the organic structures of the studied preparations.
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