Most of the strategies that have been proposed to determine the number of components that account for the most variation in a principal components analysis of a correlation matrix rely on the analysis of the eigenvalues and on numerical solutions. The Cattell’s scree test is a graphical strategy with a nonnumerical solution to determine the number of components to retain. Like Kaiser’s rule, this test is one of the most frequently used strategies for determining the number of components to retain. However, the graphical nature of the scree test does not definitively establish the number of components to retain. To circumvent this issue, some numerical solutions are proposed, one in the spirit of Cattell’s work and dealing with the scree part of the eigenvalues plot, and one focusing on the elbow part of this plot. A simulation study compares the efficiency of these solutions to those of other previously proposed methods. Extensions to factor analysis are possible and may be particularly useful with many low-dimensional components.
The guide should assist clinical teachers in detecting clinical reasoning difficulties during clinical teaching and in providing remediation that is tailored to the specific difficulty identified. Its development furthers our understanding of clinical reasoning difficulties and provides a useful tool.
Manuscrit reçu le 14 août 2009 ; commentaires éditoriaux formulés aux auteurs le 7 décembre 2009 ; accepté pour publication le 28 février 2011Mots clés : Raisonnement clinique ; diagnostic des difficultés de raisonnement clinique ; remédiation Résumé -Contexte : Si les orientations sont relativement claires dans la littérature en ce qui concerne l'enseignement du raisonnement clinique, force est de constater qu'il n'en est pas de même pour l'identification de ses lacunes et leurs remédiations. Buts : Dans cette recherche qualitative exploratoire, nous avons voulu mettre en lumière les pratiques, mais également les perceptions des cliniciens enseignants engagés dans une démarche de diagnostic et de remédiation des lacunes du raisonnement clinique. Notre cadre conceptuel s'appuie sur le modèle de Hesketh qui distingue les tâches, la façon avec laquelle ces tâches sont abordées et la perception du rôle d'enseignant. Sujets/matériel/méthode : 14 entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées auprès d'enseignants cliniciens travaillant dans différents contextes d'éva-luation des lacunes du raisonnement clinique. Résultats : Les différentes étapes du processus pédagogique d'identification, de diagnostic et de remédiation des difficultés de raisonnement clinique se font selon un mode essentiellement intuitif. Il manque des outils spécifiques à l'évaluation du raisonnement clinique et il n'y a pas de processus pédagogique structuré et défini, ce qui diminue la précision des interventions. Ceci a un impact sur la conciliation du Article publié par EDP Sciences Abstract -Context: Even though guidelines are relatively well defined in the literature regarding the teaching of clinical reasoning, it is clear that such is not the case for the identification of clinical-reasoning difficulties and their remediation. Goals: In this exploratory qualitative research, we wanted to highlight both the practices and perceptions of clinical teachers involved in a clinical-reasoning difficulty diagnosis and remediation process. Our conceptual framework builds on the Hesketh's model, which identifies tasks, the way in which these tasks are addressed and the perceived role of teacher. Subjects/material/methods: 14 semistructured interviews were conducted with clinical teachers working in different clinicalreasoning difficulty assessment contexts. Results: The different stages of the pedagogical process of clinical-difficulty identification, diagnosis and remediation are essentially intuitive. Specific clinical-reasoning assessment tools are lacking. In addition, the pedagogical process is not structured and defined, which affects the accuracy of remediation procedures. All of which impacts on reconciling clinical teachers' dual role: hesitations about the effectiveness of their teaching approaches and a tendency to focus on their role as clinicians. Conclusion: It is necessary to go "beyond intuition" to better diagnose deficiencies in clinical reasoning and propose targeted remedial plans. To support clinical teachers in this process, it is...
Messages clés • La notion d'objectif pédagogique s'est développée pour répondre à la nécessité d'introduire davantage de rigueur dans les dispositifs de formation et visait à rendre explicites les finalités d'une formation, en formalisant le contrat didac
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