RESUMOExtratos aquosos da parte aérea de mucuna-preta (Stilozobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy), mucuna rajada (Stilozobium sp.), Crotalaria juncea L., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, guandu e guandu anão (Cajanus cajan (L.) Druce) foram preparados com o objetivo de se determinar a potencialidade alelopática dessas espécies, largamente utilizadas como plantas de cobertura, sobre sementes de alface (planta-teste) e aquênios de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.). Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laborató-rio de Análise de Sementes da Universidade Federal de Lavras, durante o mês de abril de 2003. Foram avaliados o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e a germinação final. No experimento com alface, houve redução significativa da germinação apenas para o extrato aquoso de crotalária juncea. Para as outras espécies, houve uma tendência de redução na germinação, porém, não diferindo da testemunha com água destilada. O IVG apresentou redução significativa nos tratamentos com extratos aquosos de crotalária juncea, guandu comum, mucuna-rajada e mucuna-preta. As outras espécies tiveram uma tendência em reduzir o IVG, porém, não diferindo da testemunha. No experimento com picão-preto, a germinação apresentou comportamento semelhante ao experimento com alface, com redução significativa apenas para o tratamento com crotalária juncea, porém, para o IVG, houve redução significativa apenas para a mucuna-preta, com uma tendência de redução para os tratamentos com as outras espécies, mas não diferindo da testemunha.Termos para indexação: Plantas de cobertura, adubação verde, alelopatia, picão-preto. ABSTRACTAqueous extracts from aerial part of black mucuna (Stilozobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy), striped mucuna (Stilozobium sp), Crotalaria juncea L., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth., guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Druce) and dwarf guandu (Cajanus cajan) were prepared with the objective of studying the allelopathic potential of these species, broadly used as cover plants, on lettuce seeds (test plant) and aquenes of Bidens pilosa L.. The experiments were carried out at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Lavras Federal University in April, 2003. The germination speed index (GSI) and the final germination percentage were evaluated. There was significant reduction for the lettuce s final germination only for the aqueous extract of Crotalaria juncea. For the other species there was germination reduction trend, however there was not any estatistical difference for the treatment with distilled water. The lettuce s GSI was significantly reduced for the treatments with aqueous extracts of Crotalaria juncea, guandu, striped mucuna and black mucuna. Althoug the other species had a trend in reducing GSI, there was not statistical difference compared to the check. In the experiment with Bidens pilosa the final germination was similar to the experiment with lettuce, with significant reduction only for the treatment with Crotalaria juncea, however for GSI there was only significant reduction for the black mucuna, with reduction trend for the treatments wit...

The objective of this work was to evaluate the cultivation effects of organic conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with tree and fruit species on soil physico-hydraulic properties. Conilon coffee managements in the organic system were: T1, full-sun monoculture; T2, T3, T4, and T5, intercropping with peach palm (Bactris gasipae), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), banana (Musa sp.), and inga (Inga edulis), respectively; and T6, an area of secondary native forest used as a control. The evaluated soil physico-hydraulic properties were: bulk density, porosity, plant-available water capacity, soil-penetration resistance, soil-water content, soil temperature, and least limiting water range. Conilon coffee intercropped with peach palm and gliricidia resulted in lower soil bulk density and penetration resistance, and in higher total porosity, microporosity, and soil-water content. Organic coffee shaded with peach palm and gliricidia improve the soil physico-hydraulic quality, in comparison with the soil under monoculture in full sun and with the soil of secondary native forest.

The natural wood resistance of sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) was evaluated under field conditions for use in organic agriculture. A total of 97 one-meter length logs with bark and diameter classes (5.0-7.9 and 8.0-11 cm) were fixed (0.4 m) in the soil at a distance of 0.5 m from the edges of a forest fragment in Viana, Espírito Santo, Brazil and evaluated after 5 years and 5 months for their resistance to breaking through the application of manual force. The presence of xylophagous termites and fungi was verified. The percentages of unbroken pieces of wood were 81.82% and 79.24% respectively for the larger and smaller diameter classes. For the smaller diameter class, 52.83% showed moderate to superficial attacks, and the largest diameter class had 61.36%. In this case, 41% of the pieces presented superficial attacks (by termites and fungi) or were not attacked, confirming good performance of the tested wood.

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RESUMOObjetivou-se, na presente pesquisa, avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de alho, gengibre, orégano, cravo, canela e tomilho sobre a inibição e o desenvolvimento de Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium roqueforti, Rhizopus stolonifer, desenvolvidos em pães artesanais. Para cada planta foram preparados extratos alcólicos (EA10%, EA20% e EA25%), extrato aquoso (EAQ10%), extrator alcoólico puro (EAP) e testemunha sem extrato e álcool. Para alho, gengibre, orégano incluiu-se o extrato alcoólico da planta fresca (EAF 10% Termos para indexação: Pão, extrato alcoólico, fungos, ervas aromáticas, condimentos. ABSTRACTThis research was carried out to evaluate the in vitro anti-fungus activity of alcoholic extracts of garlic, ginger, oregano, clove, cinnamon, and thyme on the inhibition and development of Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium roqueforti, and Rhizopus stolonifer, which develop in homemade breads. For each commercial seasoning, alcoholic extracts (AE) were prepared (AE10%, AE20% and AE25%) as well as aqueous extract (AQE) at 10%, pure alcoholic extract (PAE), and control without extract and alcohol. For garlic, ginger and oregano, a fresh plant alcoholic extract (FAE10%) was included. The experiments were installed at Plant Pathology Laboratories, EcoCentro/EPAMIG, MG and at Incaper/CRDS-CS in Domingos Martins, ES. The treatments were applied to the fungi inoculated on Petri dishes, on BDA medium. Mycelial Index Growth Speed (MIGS) and sporulation were calculated. All of the AE from dehydrated plants (10%, 20%, and 25%) showed significant inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and fungus sporulation, and an unstable performance was observed when the AE seasoning concentration was 0%. The control presented higher MIGS and sporulation. Garlic AE25% on Penicillium roqueforti and ginger AE25% on Aspergillus ochraceus did not differ from the control. Garlic AE did not present an inhibitory effect on P. roqueforti. The AE, FAE and PAE presented lower sporulation in relation to the control, exception made to ginger and clove on the sporulation of R. stolonifer, and the AQE showed an effect similar to the control.