K␤ x-ray spectra of metallic vanadium and its compounds ͑V 2 O 3 , VO 2 , V 2 O 5 , VC, VN, VCl 2 , NH 4 VO 3 , and VOSO 4 ϫ 5H 2 O͒ induced in thick targets by 3 MeV proton beams were measured by using wavelength dispersive ͑WD͒ x-ray spectrometer. In addition to the main K␤ 1,3 x-ray line, "satellites" or second order contributions like K␤Ј, K␤Љ, K␤ٞ, and K␤ 2,5 were clearly resolved. Intensities and positions of these lines relative to the K␤ 1,3 x-ray line have been extracted by fitting the spectra and corrected for x-ray sample self-absorption. The influence of the oxidation states and vanadium-ligand bond distances in studied compounds on relative intensities and positions of K␤Љ, K␤ 2,5 , and ͑K␤Љ + K␤ 2,5 ͒ x-ray lines ͑relative to K␤ 1,3 + K␤Ј͒ has been studied and discussed. The obtained results indicate that the strength of the K␤Љ and K␤ 2,5 transition probability per vanadium-ligand pair decreases exponentially with increasing vanadium-ligand distance, in agreement with the observation reported by Bergman et al. for K␤Љ relative intensity in a number of Mn oxide compounds ͓U.

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The paper aims at presenting the FMEA method based on the fuzzy technique, representing a new approach to the failure analysis and its effects on the observed system. The FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) method has assigned the risks a coefficient i.e. a numerical indicator that very clearly defines the degree of risk. The risk is calculated as a mathematical function of RPN which depends on the effects S, probability O that some case will lead to a failure and to a probability that a failure D can not be detected before its effects are realized. RPN = S O D. The FMEA method, based on the fuzzy logic, makes a more reliable evaluation of the observed system failures possible.

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