A simple optical pH sensor based on immobilization, Dioscorea alata L. anthocyanin methanol extract, onto a pectin–chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (pectin–chitosan PEC), has been successfully fabricated. The optical pH sensor was manufactured as a membrane made of pectin–chitosan PEC and the extracted anthocyanin. This sensor has the highest sensitivity of anthocyanin content at 0.025 mg/L in phosphate buffer and 0.0375 mg/L in citrate buffer. It also has good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 7.7%, and gives a stable response at time values greater than 5 min from exposure in a buffer solution, and the sensor can be utilized within five days from its synthesis. This optical pH sensor has been employed to determine saliva pH of people of different ages and showed no significant difference when compared to a potentiometric method.

Traditional clothing is one of the essential identities in Southeast Asian countries, knowns as ASEAN members; it was once used to showcase individual status in the community. It is still important today and worn on particular occasions to preserve tradition, and now it's emerged as one of the commercial goods. Yet, it becomes a vulnerable commodity when it becomes the object of cultural piracy, dispute of ownership, and disagreement of origin. The problem will continue to be detrimental to indigenous peoples who own it and possibly rift the relationship between ASEAN countries. The protection of traditional clothing in ASEAN is still weak, and there has been no specific legal instrument to regulate it. The intellectual property right (IPR) regime protects traditional clothing as a traditional cultural expression (TCE). TCE protection is part of the international regulation of intellectual property; however, without it well-implemented at the domestic level, TCE can easily be claimed as belonging to other parties who first published and registered them. This research will examine the legal protection of traditional clothes under IPR regimes in ASEAN in their national legal regulations. This research uses a comparative approach that primarily examines the laws and regulations governing the protection of Intellectual Property Rights in ASEAN countries. This research indicates that no single country in ASEAN has a specific law related to traditional cultural expressions (TCE) protection on traditional clothes. The protection for traditional clothes will be embedded in other IPR regimes such as Copyright, trademark, or non-IPR legislation.

Meningkatnya jumlah penyalahguna Napza yang merupakan zat berbahaya termasuk pada kalangan pelajar memerlukan perhatian dan kepedulian dari segenap pihak untuk “memerangi” secara bersama terutama dalam upaya pencegahan dan pengendaliannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara mendalam dimensi pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan sebagai triger dalam perilaku penyalahgunaan napza dengan jumlah informan penelitian sebanyak 5 orang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Binanga Karaeng Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Pinrang dengan subjek penelitian yakni kalangan pelajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan yang dimiliki pelajar masih rendah sehingga menjadi triger untuk berperilaku sebagai penyalahguna Napza. Sikap yang dimiliki pelajar yang cenderung menerima ketika ditawari untuk menggunakan Napza menjadi triger untuk berperilaku sebagai penyalahguna Napza. Tindakan pelajar penyalahguna Napza dalam mengkonsumsi Napza merupakan perwujudan dari rendahnya pengetahuan tentang bahaya menggunakan Napza dan sikap menerima ketika ditawari untuk menggunakan Napza. Dengan demikian maka disarankan kepada pemerintah untuk terus menerus melakukan upaya edukasi dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan tentangg Napza bagi masyarakat secara umum dan remaja secara khusus. Selain itu disarankan pula kepada masyarakat untuk tidak bersikap permisif terkait keberadaan penyalahguna Napza.

Social and emotional learning in world education are very important in human capital development. A person equipped with high social and emotional skills are able to manage daily life challenge, building positive relationship and capable to make rational decisions. Therefore, all these skills can be taught as early as preschool level to tertiary education. In order to achieve social and emotional learning in school, a teaching and learning modules are most needed. Thus, this study aims to investigate and examine the needs of modules based on teacher perspectives and the use of existing module such as PATHS and Second Step. The source for the articles obtained are available online from the Google Scholar, Elsevier, MyCite, and ERIC and the collected data were analyzed thematically. This study found that the social and emotional learning modules were needed to increase pupils’ social and emotional competency, academic improving, problematic behavior changing and as learning instruction resources. Future studies in systematic literature analysis can be conducted by focusing in qualitative method, school administration and parents as respondents and others social and emotional learning modules mentioned in this study.