No abstract

Global trade for regasification LNG has reached 850.1 MTPA by February 2021 because of the enforcement of clean energy applications. The alternative of renewable energy such as hydropower, solar, and wind has developed globally, but they have not been implemented effectively in Indonesia. LNG became an alternative to clean energy because of its low carbon emissions. An estimated 26% of the 35,000 MW of Indonesia’s electricity supply project comes from natural gas-powered power plants. The scope of this study is to investigate the implementation of adaptive planning for LNG regasification facilities. The authors interview the LNG experts in Indonesia to assess uncertainties, vulnerabilities, and opportunities in its business process to identify the enabling factors for implementing the adaptive method in LNG terminal master planning. This research aims to provide an adaptive strategy for LNG Regasification Terminal to satisfy resilient and sustainable infrastructure concepts. The authors propose the Real Options Analysis using a binomial decision tree to evaluate the decision-making under uncertainty for the infrastructure LNG regasification terminal facilities. The study case for category medium to large scale with 4 MTPA, FSRU concept selected as the suitable configuration, while for the smaller scale facilities with 0.5 MTPA, the FSU with regasification barge selected as the most suitable configuration.

The recent renewable energy infrastructure development trend and modular construction concept surge academic interest in the project logistics sector. The project logistics is the transportation processes for oversized cargo, critical and high value, that belong to infrastructures projects; that require specialised stowage, lifting and transporting loaded and discharged at different ports. This study aims to introduce project logistics to the public sector. The author uses the descriptive review to elaborate on the niche problem of project cargo transportation. The flow of project cargo operation from the fabrication yard to the final installation site is discussed in this paper. Planning of project cargo logistics requires an integrated planning approach that considers the following aspects total delivery cost management, end-to-end visibility, transport routing management, variability management, integrated international and domestic workflow, and technical safety consideration. The decision-making for fleet selection should be based on the optimum scenario evaluating the damage’s total logistics cost, delivery time, risks and consequences. This study can be a guide to accommodate multidiscipline studies that consider commercial, technical, and safety aspects of project logistics.

The LNG jetty is facilities (forming part of the terminal) for the berthing and unloading of LNGC, including all shore-side discharging arms and docking facilities.The criteria design to build new LNG based on some aspect such as the result of bathymetric survey, the tanker or other vessel, port facilities, mooring layout, and also catastrophic accident such as LNG vapor dispersion. One of the critical issue on the LNG Jetty design is the configuration of mooring vessel, that should be analyzed before vessel need to berth on jetty. Mooring are provided to prevent vessel from drifting away from a berth.  It is assumed that the wave motions are unaffected by the stiffness of the mooring lines and fenders.

The global initiative for decarbonisation keeps growing at a different rate for each country. The global decarbonisation rate, which presents the carbon intensity reduction or energy-related CO2 emissions per dollar GDP, reached 2.5% in 2020. Indonesia recorded contributing as the second-highest rate of emissions reduction in the global decarbonisation rate during 2019-2020 with a total of 10.6% less carbon intensity. Solid infrastructure asset management shall significantly improve to support the further decarbonisation movement. As one of the cleanest carbon energy, LNG could be the fastest solution to keeping the initiative. Unfortunately, it has a drawback: methane produces higher Green House gases (GHG) than CO2. Furthermore, LNG acts as a transition fuel while the global industry prepares for renewable energy resources. The authors propose Adaptive Port Planning (APP) and Engineering Asset Management (EAM) framework for managing the existing LNG infrastructure terminal assets in this study. The EAM combines a multidisciplinary approach to provide a framework for effectively managing all engineered physical assets within the organisation. In contrast, the APP will give the idea to count the uncertainty in infrastructure demand, allowing flexibility in planning. The author overviews the conversion or transition pathway for existing terminal gas infrastructure to support future renewable energy resources such as hydrogen and ammonia. The Adaptive EAM will guide the sustainable business mindset and provide cost-effective decarbonising solutions.