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A framework for automated detection and classification of cancer from microscopic biopsy images using clinically significant and biologically interpretable features is proposed and examined. The various stages involved in the proposed methodology include enhancement of microscopic images, segmentation of background cells, features extraction, and finally the classification. An appropriate and efficient method is employed in each of the design steps of the proposed framework after making a comparative analysis of commonly used method in each category. For highlighting the details of the tissue and structures, the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization approach is used. For the segmentation of background cells, k-means segmentation algorithm is used because it performs better in comparison to other commonly used segmentation methods. In feature extraction phase, it is proposed to extract various biologically interpretable and clinically significant shapes as well as morphology based features from the segmented images. These include gray level texture features, color based features, color gray level texture features, Law's Texture Energy based features, Tamura's features, and wavelet features. Finally, the K-nearest neighborhood method is used for classification of images into normal and cancerous categories because it is performing better in comparison to other commonly used methods for this application. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using well-known parameters for four fundamental tissues (connective, epithelial, muscular, and nervous) of randomly selected 1000 microscopic biopsy images.

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1 The toxic manifestations of dermally applied hexa chlorocyclohexane (50 mg or 100 mg kg-1 body weight day -1, 5 days in a week for 120 days) on testes and sperm of rat have been investigated. 2 The results indicate that exposure of HCH through the dermal route could lead to an alteration in the activities of marker testicular enzymes viz. sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase (G6PDH), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) and β-glucuronidase (βGluc.) associ ated with specific cell types. 3 Significant quantities of HCH and its isomers accumu lated in testes as well as sperm of treated rats. 4 HCH exposure also led to a decrease in serum testos terone levels, epididymal sperm count, sperm motility and an increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm. 5 These observations indicate the possibility of adverse effects of HCH on the male reproductive functions of men exposed dermally to this pesticide in industry or during spraying in the field.

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