Drug delivery by the oral route is the most prescribable and acceptable route in terms of patient's compliance. Improvement of patient's compliance has always a challenge towards the development of oral drug delivery system. In the market different types of oral dosage forms are available in which tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions are preferred ones. Oral solid drug delivery faces drawback in case of swallowing especially with paediatrics and geriatric psychotic patients. Therefore scientists attracted towards fast mouth dissolving drug delivery systems to encounter existing problems with unique property of palatability and rapid disintegration. The concept of fast dissolving tablet came into existence in late 1970 and further improvements are still going on in connection with its preparation and methodology. Fast dissolving tablets have faster disintegration and dissolution rate and releases within 30 seconds as they come in contact with saliva. These systems also obviate the requirement of carry water during drug administration. This facilitate drug delivery to the patients of dysphasic, psychic, paediatrics, geriatric and bed-ridden, unconscious population. As fast dissolving tablets falls under desired expectation of safer, convenient and economical solid dosage forms, several techniques have been developed to improve disintegration quality in the recent past years. This article mainly focuses on formulation and evaluation technologies with recent advancement made so far in the field of fast dissolving tablets.

Transfersomes are emerging carriersin transdermal applications owing to numerous benefits like ease of application, reduction in dose frequency, In this review, we will describe about the penetration mechanism of transfersomes, method to prepare the formulation and characterization of transferosomal formulation, like thin film hydration, vortexing sonication, modified handshaking, suspension homogenization, centrifugation, and ethanol injection apart from these characterizations include, vesicle size, shape zeta potential, in vitro, and in vivo to find out the optimized formulation charactering the transferosomal preparations chemical, physical and miscellaneous properties to meet the ideal requirements of formulation and achieve the grater bioavailability and to attain good stability. These formulations are gaining good importance as Novel Drug Delivery Systems because of their patient compliance, ultra deformable and flexible nature due to the presence of surfactants and other pharmaceutical excipients like cholesterol, phospholipids in the formulation; hence these are known as first-generation liposomes.

Transdermal drug delivery is a dosage form that is applied topically to the skin layer (epidermis) which helps to deliver the drug into the skin layer before entering the systemic circulation. Ethosomes are soft, and flexible vesicles which helps in rapid drug absorption. Ethosomes have better pharmaceutical properties than the conventional liposomes such as room temperature stability, and improved compatibility with the Stratum Corneum barrier. Ethosomes are non-toxic in nature and can be used in the preparation of cosmeceutical and it has better drug absorption to the skin. The most common disadvantage of ethosome is that it might not be cost-effective. The ethosomal patches might not stick to all skin types. The mechanism of ethosomes is mainly occurred due to increased lipid fluidity within the cell membrane caused by the ethanol in ethosome. As a result, skin permeability is increased. Ethosomes can be prepared by using cold method and hot method. Ethosome consists of various evaluation parameters which includes permeability studies, drug content studies, interaction study between the vesicle and filter membrane. Ethosomes can deliver various highly lipophilic drugs like minoxidil, testosome, CBD, and other antibiotic drugs. The most widely used application for ethosomal formulation is to transport the DNA topically into the skin layer for gene expression and hence ethosomes are used in the delivering the vaccines by transdermal route. Additionally, a study in this field allows for improved regulation of medication release in vivo and long-term safety analysis, providing effective treatment. Ethosomal preparations have promising future in delivering bioactive substances via transdermal distribution. The discovery of ethosomes and vesicle derivatives was a crucial breakthrough in vesicle research. Ethosomes are preferred because they are non-irritant to the GIT tract and avoid first-pass metabolism.

Objective: To synthesize, characterize and evaluate starch crotonate as a superdisintegrant in the formulation of Piroxicam fast dissolving tablets by employing 23 factorial design. Methods: Starch crotonate was synthesized and its physical and micromeritic properties were performed to evaluate it. The fast dissolving tablet of Piroxicam were prepared by employing starch crotonate as a superdisintegrant in different proportions in each case by direct compression method using 23 factorial design. Results: The starch chrotonate prepared was found to be fine, free flowing and amorphous. Starch crotonate exhibited good swelling in water with swelling index (50%). The study of starch crotonate was shown by fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The drug content (100±5%), hardness (3.6–4 kg/sq. cm), and friability (<0.15%) have been effective with regard to all the formulated fast dissolving tablets employing starch crotonate. The disintegration time of all the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 18±03 to 66±03 sec. The optimized formulation F8 had the least disintegration time i.e., 18±03 sec. The wetting time of the tablets was found to be in the range of 49.92±0.11 to 140±0.18s. The In vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 74±0.37s) in optimized formulation F8. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 27.58±0.01 to 123.07±0.33%. The percent drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F8 was found to be 99.83% in 10 min. Conclusion: Starch crotonate, when combined with sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, with Piroxicam was found to be an effective super disintegrant which improved the dissolution efficiency and could therefore be used in the formulation of quick dissolving tablets to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 10 min.

Drug carrier networks are sophisticated because pharmaceutical scientists gain a greater understanding of the performance of biochemical as well as physicochemical parameters. Oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are now more commonly available for the treatment of various diseases than other products. Due to its convenience in terms of manufacture and administration, the oral administration route is being studied as the most utilized route. ODTs, particularly for pediatric patients, are considered to be effective drug-delivery systems due to their quick disintegration properties, water-free usage, and ease of swallowing. ‘Orally disintegrating tablets’ are present in solid dosage forms that dissolve in the mouth in less than 60 s without the need for water. Rapid tablet disintegration leads to rapid dissolution and therefore rapid action. ODTs are an ideal treatment for specific populations such as unconscious patients, bedridden patients, dysphagic patients, psychotic patients, geriatric patients, pediatric patients, and young patients with underdeveloped nervous and muscular systems. The main aim of this research paper is to discuss the advantages, drawbacks, formulation problems, manufacturing methods, patented technology, evaluation tests, and marketed formulations of ODTs, their value, different technologies, ideal characteristics, and aspects of formulation and design, future perspectives, and marketed preparations, particularly for pediatric patients.