The friction stir welding (FSW) has been used widely in the field of industry. Numerical analysis models for FSW also have been developed and there are many papers about it. In these papers, the most frequently used method is finite element method or finite difference method. However, by employing these methods, it is difficult or troublesome to calculate the advective term both for momentum and temperature. It is also difficult to calculate the big deformation of the material. Moreover, complex process is required to analyse the dissimilar joining with respect to dealing with substance transfer. In this paper, to avoid these difficulties or troublesome processes, particle method is adopted for dissimilar FSW simulation. In particle method, advective term, substance transfer and surface deformation are calculated automatically mainly because that Lagrangian approach is used. Performing some of analysis for FSW, the effectivity of this method is verified.

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A new reduced clock-swing flip-flop, named NAND-type Keeper Hip-Fiop(NDKFF) is proposed. Compared with other conventional reduced clock-swing flip-flops such as HSFF and RCSFF, NDKFF features simple configuration, which does not have additional clock drivers or does not have additional n-a d o r pwells. Compared with the hybrid-latch flip-flop, 52% of the flip-flop power and 64% of the clocking power are saved in the case of 0.25pm CMOS technology. Moreover CLK-to-Q delay is comparable to that of conventional C2MOS-type master-slave flipflop.

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