Inhibition by germanium oxide of the mutagenicity of cadmium chloride in various genotoxicity assays

Han, Christine S.; Wu, Guodong; Yin, Yulong; Shen, Mengyan

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(92)90104-s

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Chromosome aberrations and SCE assays have been used extensively to determine the mutagenicity of known and suspected carcinogens (Han et al, 1992). Many studies proved the mutagenitic action of Cd (Deknudt and Leonard, 1975;Han et al, 1992;Palus et al, 2003;Verougstraete et al, 2002). The present study discussed the mutagenicity of occupational exposure to Cd, through the cytogenetic analysis for Cd-exposed workers Figures 1 and 2 compared to control subjects never occupationally exposed to Cd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thus, in polluted areas, Cd is not only an occupational but also an environmental and public health problem of a large magnitude. Chromosome aberrations and SCE assays have been used extensively to determine the mutagenicity of known and suspected carcinogens (Han et al, 1992). Many studies proved the mutagenitic action of Cd (Deknudt and Leonard, 1975;Han et al, 1992;Palus et al, 2003;Verougstraete et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytogenetic analysis revealed the presence of significant chromosomal aberrations in the form of chromosomal and chromatid breaks, and high frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) of workers exposed to Cd compared to workers never exposed to Cd (IARC 1993). Han et al (1992) reported that chromosome aberrations and micronuclei, sperm head abnormalities and SCE assays all are sensitive indicators of Cd-induced genotoxic damage. This study aims to asses the role of chromosome aberrations and SCE as sensitive indicators for the genotoxicity of Cd .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxic effect of occupational exposure to cadmium

Abrahim¹,

Abdel-Gawad

Mahmoud

et al. 2010

Toxicol Ind Health

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Many studies proved the genotoxic effect of cadmium (Cd) exposure and highlighted the importance of the cytogenetic studies as a sensitive and effective means for early detection of Cd-induced mutagenicity. The relationship between occupational exposure to Cd and increased risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer, has been explored in number of epidemiological studies. The aim of this study is to assess the role of chromosomal abnormalities and sister chromatid exchange as sensitive indicators for the genotoxicity of occupational exposure to Cd. Cytogenetic studies was done for 40 workers (27 smokers and 13 non-smokers) exposed to Cd dust and fumes with 40 control subjects (28 smokers and 12 non-smokers) not exposed to Cd before. Both exposed and control groups were similar in age and other sociodemographic factors. Clinical examination, laboratory investigation including urinary and blood Cd, cytogenic analysis for detection of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange and environmental study of the work places were done. Statistical analysis of cytogenetic studies revealed the presence of significant elevation of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges of the exposed group. Urinary and blood Cd of the exposed group were significantly higher than that of the control group. These abnormalities were not significantly affected with age, duration of exposure, smoking habits, blood and urinary Cd. In conclusion, the study adds more proof that Cd exposure has a genotoxic effect and highlighted the importance of using cytogenetic studies as a sensitive and effective means for early detection of Cd-induced mutagenicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxic effect of occupational exposure to cadmium

Abrahim¹,

Abdel-Gawad

Mahmoud

et al. 2010

Toxicol Ind Health

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“…). On the other hand, GeO 2 antagonized cadmium chloride and phenylmercury acetate induced an elevation of SCE in human lymphocytes (Han et al, ; Lee et al, ). Our data had shown that GeO 2 significantly attenuated InCl 3 ‐induced MN with a positive correlation to concentration ranging from 30 μM to 100 μM (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium chloride‐induced micronuclei via reactive oxygen species in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells

Lin

Yang

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology

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We study the cytotoxicity of indium chloride (InCl₃) in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, the V79 cells, using MTT assay. The results showed that InCl₃ did not induce significant cytotoxicity at various concentrations tested. In addition, the frequency of micronuclei (MN) was assayed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of InCl₃ in V79 cells. InCl₃ at concentrations ranged 0.1-1 μM significantly increased MN frequency in a concentration-dependent manner. Both catalase and superoxide dismutase at concentrations of 75 and 150 μg/mL significantly inhibited InCl₃-induced MN. Similarly, Germanium oxide (GeO₂) and dimercaprol expressed antigenotoxic effects. From these findings, it is concluded that InCl₃ is a potent genotoxic chemical, which may be mediated partly by inducing oxidative stress. The significance of this study shows that the workers in the semiconductor factories should be cautious in exposing to the hazardous genotoxic InCl₃.

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“…Despite no essential biological role, diverse germanium compounds have been reported to be biologically active in inducing erythropoietic (Hammett et al, 1992), antimicrobial (Kaars Sijpesteijn et al, 1964), antiviral (Aso et al, 1989), antimutagenic (Kada et al, 1984;Han et al, 1992;Olsen et al, 1995;Gerber and Leonard, 1997;Lee et al, 1998), antitumor Brutkiewicz and Suzuki, 1987;Jao et al, 1990;Gerber and Leonard, 1997;Kang et al, 2001), analgesic (Suzuki and Taguchi, 1983) and immunomodulating (Aso et al, 1985;Nakada et al, 1993;Ikemoto et al, 1996) activities, in addition to diverse therapeutic effects (Goodman, 1988;Tao and Bolger, 1997), along with antagonistic action on heavy metal poisoning (Han et al, 1992;Lee et al, 1998). Thus, germanium-containing dietary supplements have become increasingly popular in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Single- And Repeated-Dose Toxicity Studies on Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast, Organic Germanium Fortified Yeasts, in Rats

Lee¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2004

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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-Single-and 13-week repeated-dose toxicities of Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast ® , organic germanium fortified yeasts, were investigated in rats. Both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered once at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg in single-dose toxicity or daily for 13 weeks at doses of 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg in repeated-dose toxicity tests. In single-dose toxicity test to determine dose levels in repeated-dose toxicity study, the body weight gain was suppressed at 2,000 mg/kg, although no death, clinical signs and pathological findings related to the treatment were observed. In repeated-dose toxicity test, there were no clinical signs in animals administered up to 2,000 mg/kg, except one rat died due to a gavage error. In addition, no significant changes in feed consumption and body weight gain were obtained during the treatment period, in spite of week-to-week fluctuation of water consumption. There were no considerable changes in ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology and serum biochemistry, except a significant decrease in albumin/globulin ratio in males treated with 1,000 mg/kg. In contrast, a significant increase in relative heart weight was observed in both male and female rats treated with a high dose (2,000 mg/kg) of Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast ® . In microscopic examination, mild lesions were found sporadically in both control and treatment groups in a dose-independent manner. In spite of some alterations in water consumption, serum biochemistry and organ weights, such effects were not considered to include toxicopathological significance, based on the lack of dose-dependency, consistent time-course and gender relationship. Taken together, it is suggested that no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast ® is considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg in rats, and that long-term oral intake in humans might not exert adverse effects.

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Inhibition by germanium oxide of the mutagenicity of cadmium chloride in various genotoxicity assays

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Genotoxic effect of occupational exposure to cadmium

Genotoxic effect of occupational exposure to cadmium

Indium chloride‐induced micronuclei via reactive oxygen species in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells

Oral Single- And Repeated-Dose Toxicity Studies on Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast, Organic Germanium Fortified Yeasts, in Rats

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