No abstract

A great mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) was a famous species in Scrophulariaceae family. It was generally used as herbal medicine. Explants of V. thapsus (leaves and petioles) were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for shoot proliferation.Plantlet explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with combination of Benzyl adenine (BA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for callus induction. The best fresh and dry weight of callus formation was achieved using 0.5 mg/l BA. Quantitative analyses with High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed the content of phenols like Coumarin, Eugenol and Thymol were relatively low in leaves of mother plant, (10, 41, 310 ppm) respectively. The addition of different concentrations of amino acids as a precursor adding separately to the tissue culture medium led to raise the accumulation levels of phenolic compounds in callus tissue. Generally, the enhancement of accumulation depended on the type of amino acids and their concentration. The results showed 150 mg/l of Proline encouraged production of Comarin to 2752%, while 50 mg/l of Proline promoted accumulation of Eugenol to 290%. Whilst 150 mg/l of Tryptophan increased production of Thymol to 390%, in comparison with mother plant.

Three genotypes of wheat developede for saltetoleranceethroughe plant breeding program and two local cultivars were screened for genetic variation under salinity conditions through RAPD and ISSR markers. Eight selected primers (OP1-06, OPE-16, OPN-07, OPO-17, OPD-20, OPL-05, OPI-01 and OPJ-13) were used in randomeamplifiede polymorphic eDNA (RAPD-PCR reaction) and three selected primers (UBC 809, UBC 810 and UBC 811) were used in ISSR markers. According to the results of the amplification and ISSR markers, the genetic distance and dendogram illustratedegeneticefingerprint and relationshipsebetweeneselected genotypes and local cultivars were determinant. Results revealed that there are genetics differences between the selected genotypes and the local cultivars in some specific segment at different size (bp) with all primers which used in this study, except the result of the primer (OPE-16) showed that there are no bands appeared in all selected genotypes and local cultivars. Other results of RAPD markers showed that there are differences among the selected genotypes in their banding patterns only with primers (OP1-06, OPN-07 and OPO-17) at different size. The results of ISSR markers showed differences that there are also differences between the selected genotypes and local cultivars in specific segment with the three primers which used, the selected genotypes were similar in banding patterns with UBC 809 and UBC 811primers. Genetically, the results showed that all the selected genotypes and local cultivars differed in their genetic distance, variations among the selected genotypes in their genetic distance. In conclusion the selected genotypes (salt tolerant) genetically differed from the local cultivars (salt sensitive).

The purpose of this study was to isolate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae present on different fruits and performing RAPD and ISSR analyses to know the genetic interrelationship between different S. cerevisiae isolates. Some fruits namely apple, plum, dates, and peach were used as natural sources for S. cerevisiae isolation. The isolated S. cerevisiae was designated as SUC1, SUC2, SUC3, SUC4, SUC5 respectively. Amplicon fingerprints for the isolated species were obtained by RAPD assay using six different primers and ISSR assay using six different primers. RAPD assay showed the lowest genetic distance (0.1559) between SUC2 and SUC3 isolates whereas ISSR assay showed the lowest genetic distance (0.06899) between SUC4 and SUC5 isolates.  Both genetic markers showed the highest genetic distance for SUC1 when compared to the other isolates.

Gerbera plant Gerbera jamesonii is classified according to the flower colors to four strains: white, yellow, pink and purple. Capitulum and scape explants were tested on MS medium in half or full salts strength, supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators cytokinins kintin (Kin) and benzel adinine (BA), auxin indolacitic acid (IAA). Results revealed that the capitulum showed better response to shoot formation 64.13% whereas the scape did not show response. Yellow flowers showed higher response in shoot formation 37.5% than other strains. growth regulators combination BA and IAA (3.0 + 0.1) mg/L respectively showed better response for shoot multiplication. Auxin IBA (0.5) mg/ L gave better rooting percentage 60% than other auxins IAA and NAA all concentrations. The acclimatization of the gerbera was 78.59%.