Background and Aim: Pediculus humanus capitis, the human head louse, remains a global health problem. This study evaluated the resistance of head lice to permethrin and 6-paradol mediated by in vitro detoxification enzyme activity experiments and to describe physical changes in the lice using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: The adult stages of P. h. capitis were collected from patients exposed to 1% permethrin and three different concentrations of 6-paradol (0.00005%, 0.0001%, and 0.00015%) using a filter paper diffusion bioassay. Healthy P. h. capitis adults served as the control. The in vitro bioassays were conducted after 10, 20, 30, and 60 min of exposure. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and oxidase were analyzed. Physical changes in the lice were analyzed using SEM. Results: Permethrin and 6-paradol exhibited low toxicity against the lice. At 60 min, 1% permethrin had killed 36.7% of the lice present, while 6-paradol had killed 66.7-86.7%. Permethrin induced significantly elevated AChE, GST, and oxidase activity; 6-paradol also caused significantly elevated AChE, GST, and oxidase activity. Permethrin did not cause any ultrastructural morphological changes on the lice, while 6-paradol severely damaged the head, thorax, respiratory spiracles, and abdomen of the dead lice. Conclusion: This in vitro experimental of P. h. capitis is the first study to report P. h. capitis in East Jakarta shows complete resistance to permethrin and 6-paradol, and to describe the associated increase in AChE, GST, and oxidase activity. It was observed that 6-paradol severely damaged the head, thorax, respiratory spiracles, and abdomen of the dead lice.
Diagnosis penyakit nalaria ditegakkan dengan nenenukan parasit dalan darah penderita. Hingga saat ini diagnosis nalaria dilnkukan dengan cara konvensional dengan nenbuat sediaan darah tebal atau tipis yang dipulas dengan pewarnaan Giensa dan diperiksa dengan nùkroskop cahaya. Dalant penelitian ini dikcnukakan suaru cara baru wttuk mendiagnosis nalariafalsiparwn, yaitu dengan "Rapid Manual Test" ("RM test"). Cara ini lebih mudah dilakukan karena tidak nenerlukan pulasan warna dan petneriksaan nûkroskop. Tes ini dapat nrendeteksi antigen PJalciparunt terlarut y(t,19 berasal dari stadiun trofozoit, yaitu histidine-rich protein-Il (HRP-II). RM tes ini ircrupakan suatu "dipstick test" yang nengandung antibodi nonoklonal terhadap HRP-IL Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji coba "RM tes" ini yang dilakuknn pada pengunjung Runnh Sakit International Tinùer Corporation Indonesia (ITCI), Kenangan, Balikpapan, Kalinantan Tinur yang nerupakan daerah endenik nalaria. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas tes tersebut terhadap infeksi P.falciparwn dan menbandingkarurya dengan netode diagnostik yang konvensional. Berdasarkan I 17 sediaan darah yang diperiksa, 33,3% sediaan nenunjukkan positif malaria falsiparutn dan 53,0% sediaan negaûf, baik dengan "RM test" naupun dengan cara konvensional, sedangkan sisanya 13,7% sediaan nenunjukkan hasil yang berbeda, yaitu 93,870 sediaan positifpada "RM test", tetapi negatif dengan cara konvensional dan 6,2% sediaan negaîifpada "RM testn tetapi positif dengan cora konvensional. Ternyata sensitivitas pada 'RM test" adalah 97.5% dan spesifisitasnya 80,5% dibandingkan dengan cara konvensional. Gejala klinis pada 6O penderita yang diperiksa yang terbanyak adalah sakit kepala (42,9%) disusul dengan tnenggigil (42,6%), denan di atas 37,50C (37,5%), tnual ataununtah (48,8%) dan "RM test" posirif 44,2% padasalahsaru gejalaklinis atau lebih. Penderita dengan splenonegali sebanyak 50,0% dan dengan konjungtiva pucat 45,5%. Sebagai kesimpulan dapat dikntakan bahwa " RM test" cukup sersitifsehingga dapat digunakan untuk nenggantikan cara konvensional dalan nenegakkan diagnosis penyakit nalaria falsiparum secara cepat dan tidak nenerlukan nikroskLtp. Cara ini dapat digunakan di runah sakit4erifer yang tidak uenpunyaifasilitas tersebut dan tidak uenerlu.knn tenaga nikroskopis khusus untuk nnlaria yang nanang sangat kurang.
Tegal district is a dengue-endemic area. One of the strategies to control Ae. aegypti is the use of insecticides. The determination of insecticide resistance in a dengue-endemic area is useful for supporting policies for Ae. aegypti control program. The aim of this study is to determine the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti in Tegal district, Central Java. Aedes aegypti larvae were collected from June to July 2018. Susceptibility bioassay of Ae. aegypti larvae against temephos and Ae. aegypti female against permethrin were conducted refers to the WHO protocol. The susceptibility of Ae. aegypti was interpreted based on WHO protocol as well. The mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae were at 0.025 ppm by 90%. The LC50 at 0.0005 ppm, and LC99 at 1.1037 ppm, respectively. The mortality rate of Ae. aegypti against permethrin was 26%. The LT50 at 6611.636 minutes, and LT99 at 5958807.272 minutes, respectively. The susceptibility of Ae. aegypti larvae were possible resistant but adult Ae. aegypti was resistant.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.