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Eight actinomycete strains originally isolated from soil and plant samples were studied to determine their taxonomic status. All isolates produced branching substrate mycelia, but no distinct aerial hyphae. Relatively short chains of nonmotile spores (10 to 30 spores per chain) were borne on the tips of sporophores arising directly from the agar surface. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates, with the exception of the menaquinone profile, coincided with those of members of the family Streptuspurangiaceae Goodfellow, Stanton, Simpson, and Minnikin 1990. Furthermore, the results of a phylogenetic analysis performed with 5s rRNA support the conclusion that the isolates should be classified in this family. The isolates differed from members of the constituent genera of the Streptusporangzhceue in morphological characteristics and menaquinone composition. Therefore, we propose a new genus for the strains, Herbidospora. The type species and type strain are Herbiduspuru cretacea sp. nov. and strain K-319 (= JCM 8553), respectively.The tentative name "maduromycete group" was used by Goodfellow and Cross in 1984 (12) for the chemotaxonomically defined actinomycete group which has cell wall type I11 and whole-cell sugar pattern B of Lechevalier and Lechevalier (28). At that time, this group included the genera Actinomadura , Microbispora , Microtetraspora , Planobispora , Planomonospora , Spirillospora , and Streptosporangtum. Subsequently, the genera Actinomadura and Spirillospora were eliminated from this group (11) on the basis of cellular lipid profiles (1, 2, 23, 29) and phylogenetic relationships (9). In 1990, the family Streptosporangiaceae was proposed by Goodfellow et al. (13) for the redefined maduromycete group. The taxonomic properties of the genera in this family are similar to each other. These organisms are characterized by the following common features. Substrate and aerial mycelia are well developed and branched. Spore chains or sporangia are formed on the tips of sporophores branching from the aerial hyphae. meso-Diaminopimelic acid is present in the cell walls, but glycine is not (wall chemotype 111). The N-acyl type of muramic acid in the cell walls is an acetyl type (21). The cellular fatty acids consist of straight, iso-branched, and 10-methylated acids (23, 25). The predominant isoprenoid quinones are unsaturated, dihydrogenated, and tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units , and MK-9(H4), respectively] (1,2,23,25,26,32); the tetrahydrogenation occurs at the sites of isoprene units I11 (the third unit from the 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone moiety) and VIII [MK-9(III,VIII-H4)] (4, 25). Phosphatidylethanolamine and glucosamine-containing phospholipids are present as diagnostic polar lipids (phospholipid type PIV of Lechevalier et al. [27]). At present, these genera are distinguished by morphological features, including the existence of sporangia and the number of spores per sporangium or chain.We isolated eight actinomycete strains with unusual morphological features from ...

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We conducted a taxonomic review of the genus Microbispora using chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization techniques, and reached the following conclusions: Microbispora uiridis should be transferred to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura rugatobispora comb. nov., nom. nov. (type strain SF2240 = I F 0 14382 = JCM 3366) and Microbispora echinospora should be transferred to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura echinospora comb. nov. (type strain JCM 3148 = ATCC 27300). We also propose that Microbispora rosea, Microbispora amethystogenes, Microbispora chromogenes, Microbispora diastatica, Microbispora indica, Microbispora karnatakensis and Microbispora parva should be combined into the species Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea (type strain JCM 3006 = ATCC 12950), and that Microbispora amata, Microbispora thermodiastatica and Microbispora thermorosea should be combined and transferred to the new subspecies Microbispora rosea subsp. aerata comb. nov. (type strain I F 0 12581 = ATCC 15448). Microbispora bispora clearly differs from these ten strains at the species level.